Changing profile of rotavirus genotypes in Bangladesh, 2006–2012

Mokibul Hassan Afrad,Mustafizur Rahman,Tasnim Azim,Subarna Barua,Sumon Kumar Das,Sayra Moni,Zahid Hassan,Abu Syed Golam Faruque,Saiada Farjana

doi:10.1186/1471-2334-13-320

Mokibul Hassan Afrad, Mustafizur Rahman + Show 7 more

Open Access

https://doi.org/10.1186/1471-2334-13-320

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Abstract

BackgroundRotavirus is the leading cause of severe diarrhea in infants and young children worldwide including Bangladesh. Unlike what was seen in high-income countries, the licensed rotavirus vaccines did not show high efficacy in Bangladeshi trials. We assessed rotavirus prevalence and genotypes in Bangladesh over six-year period to provide baseline information on the rotavirus burden and changing profile in the country.MethodsThis study was conducted from June 2006 to May 2012 in Matlab, Bangladesh. Group A rotaviruses were detected in stools collected from diarrhea patients by ELISA and genotyped using multiplex reverse transcription PCR followed by nucleotide sequencing.ResultsOf the 9678 stool samples, 20.3% were positive for rotavirus. The most predominant genotype was G1P[8] (22.4%), followed by G9P[8] (20.8%), G2P[4] (16.9%) and G12P[8] (10.4%). Mixed infections were detected in 14.2% of the samples. Emergence of an unusual strain, G9P[4] was documented during 2011–12. Several amino acid mismatches in the antigenic epitopes of VP7 and VP4 between Bangladeshi and the vaccine strains were identified.ConclusionsOur study provides important information on rotavirus genotypes that should be considered for the selection and introduction of rotavirus vaccines in Bangladesh.

Highlights

Rotavirus is the leading cause of severe diarrhea in infants and young children worldwide including Bangladesh
Stool specimens were obtained from an ongoing rotavirus surveillance ‘The Diarrhoeal Disease Surveillance System (DDSS)’, which has been approved by the Research Review Committee (RRC) and Ethical Review Committee (ERC) of icddr,b in accordance with the Helsinki Declaration on ethical principles for medical research involving human subjects
We found that rotavirus was represented in a remarkable proportion of diarrhea hospitalizations with the highest detection rate (24.5%) in 2008–09 and the lowest (17.3%) in 2011–12 (Table 1)

Summary

Introduction

Rotavirus is the leading cause of severe diarrhea in infants and young children worldwide including Bangladesh. Rotavirus causes severe diarrhea in infants and young children worldwide and is responsible for an estimated 475,000-580,000 deaths and >2 million hospitalizations each year [1]. Most of these deaths occur in developing countries especially in Africa and Asia [2]. Until the mid-1990s, the most common human rotavirus types were G1P[8], G2P[4], G3P[8], and G4P[8]. Two additional types G9 and G12 associated with P[8] or P[6] have emerged since 1995 and 2001, respectively, and have become common in humans [6,7]

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