Changing perspectives in urban park management: a longitudinal study of Hong Kong

Abstract

Urban parks provide numerous benefits to our society. In densely populated metropolises such as Hong Kong, urban parks are in high demand. A variety of indicators can be used as tools for improving park planning and management. Facing a dynamic society and increasing user expectations, urban park managers in Hong Kong have encountered different challenges over time, and the quest for changing park managerial strategies. In 2004, a set of indicators for urban park management in Hong Kong was produced as part of a Master's research. Local park managers were asked about their views on the respective importance and performance (I–P) of the indicators. In 2012, a follow-up questionnaire survey was conducted with the managers to study if their views regarding these indicators and their performance had changed. Results from the 2004 and 2012 surveys revealed changing perceptions regarding both I–P of the park indicators. Urban park managers in Hong Kong believed they have worked with the correct aspects of park management. They also had demonstrated an increasing satisfaction with the performance in most aspects of park management and improvements in the overall park condition. Shortcomings in urban park management in Hong Kong were also revealed through a cross-reference of the perceived I–P levels of indicators by managers. These problems include a prolonged shortage of funding by the park authority, the lack of integration of managerial and educational functions of urban parks, and a less responsive role of park managers to address the changing socio-economic condition in the city. Findings from this longitudinal study provide useful information about dynamic park management. The observations of park managers' perceptions can assist in identifying areas of change and in guiding the direction for future park management. Moreover, these findings also provide a source of comparison, and perhaps inspiration for urban green space authorities in other cities.