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Abstract
The purpose of this review was to assess the current state of knowledge concerning interventions aimed at food habit change in children and adolescents and to identify implications for further practice and research. The review was restricted to school- or community-based studies conducted with an experimental or quasi-experimental design during the 1980's and early 1990's. A number of intervention programmes was identified, of which most were based on the Social Learning Model. The majority of programmes were aimed at behaviour change, but nutrition knowledge and attitudes towards healthy foods were targeted in some programmes. Most studies reported only modest changes in the outcome measures, and only three reported maintenance of intervention effects. The lack of maintenance of effects may be due to the use of intervention periods of short duration. Even moderate changes in dietary risk factors for CVD may be beneficial if maintained through long periods. Thus, future research should concentrate on how the effects of an intervention programme can be maintained, in addition to studying the outcomes immediately after the intervention.
Highlights
Epidemiological research demonstrates that a diet high in total fat, saturated fat, and cholesterol is linked to elevated cholesterol levels and an increased risk for heart disease in adults [1]
It is thought that this relationship holds true for children and adolescents (e.g. 2)
Food habits of individuals are not stable and unchanging, a base for healthy food habits can be created in early childhood [3]
Summary
Epidemiological research demonstrates that a diet high in total fat, saturated fat, and cholesterol is linked to elevated cholesterol levels and an increased risk for heart disease in adults [1]. It is thought that this relationship holds true for children and adolescents (e.g. 2). The benefits of primary prevention aimed at reducing the risk for cardiovascular and ather diet related diseases (e.g. non-insulin dependent diabetes, some types of cancer, obesity) would most likely be optimised if introduced at an early stage of behavioural development. Given population-wide increases in risk, community-wide strategies appear reasonable and necessary. Primary prevention programmes among children and adolescents are central to a community approach. While chronic cardiovascular diseasesarerarely foundamong youth,early patterns of increasedrisk are found among children in high-risk cultures.
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