Abstract
Current trends in population growth, resource use and environmental degradation may not be sustainable for more than a few decades. This article summarizes these trends, proposes a broad definition of sustainability that includes ecological, environmental, economic, social, ethical, cultural and political dimensions, and lists changes needed to make human activity more sustainable. Also considered are barriers to change, general strategies for change, specific agents and instruments of change, and inherent conflicts between social goals and ecological sustainability. More than a hundred indicators are identified for assessing progress towards ecological and societal sustainability at the global, national and local level. Examples are given of promising initiatives representing progress towards a sustainable future.
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