Abstract
As newer surgical techniques and concepts have emerged, including revascularization of the totally occluded renal artery and alternatives to aortorenal bypass (hepatic, splenic, or iliac artery to renal artery grafts), our patient population has changed dramatically. Patients with diffuse atherosclerotic disease, bilateral renal artery stenosis, totally occluded renal arteries, and azotemia are more commonly referred for renal revascularization, thereby changing the indications for operation and the results that can be anticipated. Although our results in patients undergoing surgery solely for uncontrollable hypertension or renal failure have been successful, much work needs to be done to improve the results obtained in patients with a combination of uncontrollable hypertension and renal failure.
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