Changing childcare demands due to COVID-19 lockdown regulations and household food security in South Africa

Abstract

This study examined the effect of increased childcare demands during the COVID-19 pandemic on maternal work and household food security in South Africa. Descriptive and multivariate analyses were conducted with 1890 mothers using the National Income Dynamics Study – Coronavirus Rapid Mobile Survey (NIDS-CRAM) Wave 2. About seven out of ten mothers did not work (74.8%), and one-third (29%) had increased childcare demands, limiting their work opportunities. About half of the households experienced food insecurity (44%). Unemployed mothers who reported that childcare affected their ability to work had increased odds of food insecurity (OR = 2.20, p = 0.000). Household food insecurity was significantly related to maternal age, province and childcare effect on employment. This study established that mothers whose work was affected by increased childcare demands had higher levels of food insecurity. Therefore, we recommend implementing food security and gender equality interventions that promote change in childcare cultural norms.