Abstract
It is crucial to uncover the mystery of water cluster and structural motif to have an insight into the abundant anomalies bound to water. In this context, the analysis of influence factors is an alternative way to shed light on the nature of water clusters. Water structure has been tentatively explained within different frameworks of structural models. Based on comprehensive analysis and summary of the studies on the response of water to four externalities (i.e., temperature, pressure, solutes and external fields), the changing trends of water structure and a deduced intrinsic structural motif are put forward in this work. The variations in physicochemical and biological effects of water induced by each externality are also discussed to emphasize the role of water in our daily life. On this basis, the underlying problems that need to be further studied are formulated by pointing out the limitations attached to current study techniques and to outline prominent studies that have come up recently.
Highlights
Water, one of the most abundant molecular compounds existing in our planet, has a variety of functions as to its usage in production, biological reaction and so on, as a result of which, water is of great importance to our daily life
Concerning the interpretation of hydrogen bond (HB) network, the water structural model could be basically divided into two opposite categories, namely continuum model proposed by Röntgen [2], and mixture model presented by Bernal and Fowler [3], dating back to 1933 and 1892, respectively
Promising studies on HB dynamics and lone-pair electrons residing in a water molecule, employing an ultrafast laser beam [5,6] and X-ray absorption spectroscopy and X-ray emission spectroscopy (XAS/XES) [7,8,9], respectively, have demonstrated the existence of spectrally distinguishable HB configurations again, which is further confirmed by conducting molecular dynamic (MD) simulations [10]
Summary
One of the most abundant molecular compounds existing in our planet, has a variety of functions as to its usage in production, biological reaction and so on, as a result of which, water is of great importance to our daily life. In this review we would like to pay much attention to relevant research progress in water structure and their variation behavior with surroundings This interest is a consequence of the fact that the investigations on water structure are the basis with which we may bridge the gap between externalities and corresponding changes of water properties. The framework of this review is arranged as follows: First, discussion of the variation of structure and dynamics of water HB network with temperature; second, tentatively deducing the structural motif of water cluster by further incorporating pressure-related research outcomes; third, elaborating on the role of solutes in determining the structure and dynamics of HB; fourth, proposing puzzling effect of three external fields on water cluster; and outlining a summary and outlook in view of the progress and promise of relevant fields
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