Changes of Self-reported PTSD and Depression Symptoms During Alcohol Detoxification Treatment

Abstract

Objective: There is a lack of empirical knowledge on how different comorbid disorders and symptoms change in the course of initial abstinence and withdrawal. The aim of this study is to replicate previous findings on the symptom course using a larger sample and up-to-date psychometric instruments. Methods: During inpatient alcohol detoxification, we measured comorbid depression (Beck Depression Inventory second revision; BDI-II) and posttraumatic stress disorder (PTSD Checklist for DSM-5; PCL-5) symptoms twice among 87 participants within a 10-day interval. Results: Significant decreases occurred for symptoms of reexperiencing (p < .001, d = .27), avoidance (p < .001, d = .41), negative cognitions (p = .03, d = .22), alteration in arousal (p < .001, d = .37), and the PCL-5 total score (p < .001, d = .35). Depression scores also significantly declined with a greater effect size (p < .001, d = .53). Depression screening was not stable, while posttraumatic stress disorder screening was revealed to be stable through alcohol detoxification. Interaction effects were detected, indicating the higher symptom decrease for patients who initially had positive posttraumatic stress disorder and depression screenings, F(1, 84) = 23.01, p < .001 and F(1, 84) = 10.01, p < .01, respectively. Conclusions: Patients in the first stage of alcohol treatment show high levels of comorbid psychopathology. These symptoms change during detoxification, especially for patients having a higher initial symptomatic burden. More research is needed to guide practitioners to make reliable comorbid diagnoses in this early treatment phase as this can motivate patients to pursue subsequent treatments.