Changes of Peripapillary Capillary Density in Patients with Vogt–Koyanagi–Harada Disease Evaluated by Optical Coherence Tomography Angiography

Abstract

To analyze the longitudinal changes in peripapillary capillary density in patients with acute VKH with or without optic disc swelling by optical coherence tomography angiography (OCTA). Retrospective case series. 44 patients (88 eyes) were enrolled and were divided into two groups according to presence/absence of optic disc swelling before treatment. Peripapillary capillary images were obtained by OCTA before and after 6 months of corticosteroid treatment and used to determine the radial peripapillary capillary (RPC), retinal plexus, and choriocapillaris vessel perfusion densities. Optic disc swelling was present in 12 patients (24 eyes) and absent in 32 patients (64 eyes). The sex distribution, age, intraocular pressure, and best-corrected visual acuity before and after treatment were not significantly different between the two groups (all P > 0.05). Compared to those in nonoptic disc swelling group, the percentages of decreased vessel perfusion densities after treatment in the supranasal (RPC, 100.00% vs. 75.00%), infranasal (RPC, 100.00% vs. 56.25%), infratemporal (RPC, 66.67% vs. 37.50%), and infranasal quadrants (retinal plexus, 83.33% vs. 56.25%) were significantly more in optic disc swelling group. The choriocapillaris vessel perfusion density increased after treatment in both groups. Decreases in vessel perfusion densities of the RPC and retinal plexus after treatment in VKH patients with optic disc swelling were more common than in those without optic disc swelling. The choriocapillaris vessel perfusion density increased after treatment, regardless of the presence/absence of optic disc swelling.