Abstract
BackgroundLaminitis is a common and serve disease which caused by inflammation and pathological changes of the laminar junction. However, the pathologic mechanism remains unclear. In this study we aimed to investigate changes of the gut microbiota and metabolomics in oligofructose-induced laminitis of horses.ResultsAnimals submitted to treatment with oligofructose had lower fecal pH but higher lactic acid, histamine, and Lipopolysaccharide (LPS) in serum. Meanwhile, oligofructose altered composition of the hindgut bacterial community, demonstrated by increasing relative abundance of Lactobacillus and Megasphaera. In addition, the metabolome analysis revealed that treatment with oligofructose decreased 84 metabolites while 53 metabolites increased, such as dihydrothymine, N3,N4-Dimethyl-L-arginine, 10E,12Z-Octadecadienoic acid, and asparagine. Pathway analysis revealed that aldosterone synthesis and secretion, regulation of lipolysis in adipocytes, steroid hormone biosynthesis, pyrimidine metabolism, biosynthesis of unsaturated fatty acids, and galactose metabolism were significantly different between healthy and laminitis horses. Furthermore, correlation analysis between gut microbiota and metabolites indicated that Lactobacillus and/or Megasphaera were positively associated with the dihydrothymine, N3,N4-Dimethyl-L-arginine, 10E,12Z-Octadecadienoic acid, and asparagine.ConclusionsThese results revealed that disturbance of gut microbiota and changes of metabolites were occurred during the development of equine laminitis, and these results may provide novel insights to detect biomarkers for a better understanding of the potential mechanism and prevention strategies for laminitis in horses.
Highlights
Laminitis is a common and serve disease which caused by inflammation and pathological changes of the laminar junction
Discontinuous loss and gaps in Hematoxylin and eosin (H&E) and periodic acid-Schiff (PAS) staining was present in the lamellar basement membrane in laminitis horses after 48 h of oligofuctose dosing
Doppler spectra of laminitis horses were characterized by low resistance blood flow with low peak systolic velocity (PSV) and low-end diastolic velocity (EDV)
Summary
Laminitis is a common and serve disease which caused by inflammation and pathological changes of the laminar junction. Laminitis is defined as the loss of attachment between the inner hoof wall and the distal phalanx, which result in the bone to be driven down into the hoof, destroying the surrounding arteries and veins, and crushing the dermis and crown of the sole [3]. It is one of the most serious diseases of the equine foot with a total incidences of about 15% of all lameness in the USA, and Tuniyazi et al BMC Veterinary Research (2021) 17:11 with over 27 and 4.7% of cases unable to recover and mortality respectively [4]. The exact pathophysiological mechanisms of equine laminitis remain unclear
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