Changes of Land Use and Land Cover with the Diversity of Fishes, Aquatic Plants, and Bird's Species at Wetland Ecosystem.

Mohammad Zahangeer Alam,Suma Rani Ghosh,Md Abdullahil Baki Bhuiyan,M Rokonuzzaman,Mohammad Maksudul Hassan,Hasan Muhammad Abdullah,Ruzina Akter,Mohammad Shah Alam,Claudio Cameselle

doi:10.1155/2021/7533119

Abstract

Bangladesh is rich in wetland biodiversity with aquatic plants, fishes, and birds. Mohanganj Upazila is known as the capital of lower Bangladesh. The present study focuses on the changes of land use and land cover (LULC) with a diversity of species that are being least concerned (LC), vulnerable (VU), and endangered (EN). Over the last two decades, the wetland species of Mohanganj were gradually declined. Our results showed that 19 fish, 4 aquatic plants, and 7 bird species were LC in 2015. Among the fish and aquatic plant species, 6 fish species (Wallago attu, Ompok pabda, Channa punctate, Chitala chitala, Salmostoma phulo, and Corica soborna) and 2 aquatic plant species (Nymphaea nouchali and Nymphaea lotus) were VU during the dry and rainy season of 2017 and 2019, respectively. In the dry season of 2019, 4 fish species (W. attu, O. pabda, C. punctate, and Ch. chitala), 2 aquatic plant species (N. nouchali and N. lotus), and 7 bird species (Anas platyrhynchos, Ardeola grayii, Gyps bengalensis, Alcedo atthis, Phalacrocorax fuscicollis, Porphyrio porphyria, and Larus ridibundus) were EN. Among the species, W. attu, N. nouchaii, G. bengalensis, P. porphyria, and L. ridibundus were extremely endangered categories. Changes in LULC, the establishment of settlements for the increasing population, indiscriminate use of pesticides, environmental pollutions, and climate change are the potential reasons for declining trends of wetland biodiversity. Stern actions on land use policy, expansion of organic agriculture, bioremediation of industrial effluents, and adoption of sustainable environmental policies should be taken by the Government of Bangladesh for immediate conservation of wetland biodiversity.

Highlights

Wetlands are one of the key natural resources where diversified species live. ese wetlands provide natural ecosystem services, such as water, fish, edible food, wood, energy, and recreational activities to human beings
An inception meeting was arranged at the office of the Department of Agricultural Extension (DAE) of Mohanganj Upazila. is meeting was conducted with community people, visitors, government officials, scientists, and fishermen who have been living in the surrounding areas of these wetland ecosystems for the last 20 years. e government officials were concerned regarding the effects of environmental threats on wetland biodiversity
Aquatic plants, and fish species of Mohangonj Upazilla were recorded as VU to EN category between 2015 and 2019. e wetland species belonging to the EN category were considered as an extreme risk due to changes in land use and land cover. e decline of biodiversity was worsened in the dry season

Summary

Introduction

Wetlands are one of the key natural resources where diversified species live. ese wetlands provide natural ecosystem services, such as water, fish, edible food, wood, energy, and recreational activities to human beings. Wetlands are one of the key natural resources where diversified species live. Ese wetlands provide natural ecosystem services, such as water, fish, edible food, wood, energy, and recreational activities to human beings. Fen, and peatland are the most productive wetland ecosystem in the world [1]. Wetland resources are key to sustainable livelihoods through the process of nutrient and carbon cycles, hydrological cycles, soil-forming dynamics, natural-resourcedriven livelihoods, and reducing the vulnerability of crops to pests, disease, drought, and flooding [2, 3]. Sundarbans is the most recognized saltwater wetland with a mangrove forest in Bangladesh [4]. Tanguar Haor and Hakaluki Haor are the most remarkable freshwater wetland ecosystems [4, 5]

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Conclusion