Abstract
In the course of studying the content of free amino acids in dry and germinating grains of wild cereals, some biochemical features of their dynamics were revealed depending on the osmotic pressure. In most species, except Agropyron cristatum, a significant increase in the concentration of amino acids occurred in the control on the first day after the start of the experiment; in the subsequent period, their decrease was observed. For Agropyron cristatum, a decrease in the index and a smooth increase after the first day were observed. Under the influence of osmolyte, the tendency to mobilize amino acids has changed and in some species (Stipa krylovii, Melica virgata, Melica turczaninowiana) the maximum amounts were observed on the first day from the beginning of the experiment, in the others to the second day. The total amount of free amino acids in the control and in the test was not significantly different. There was also a rapid mobilization of proteinogenic amino acids with increasing osmotic stress for the widespread Stipa krylovii and Agropyron cristatum in the region. A similar trend was noted for the xerophyte Tripogon chinensis. For grasses with a narrow ecological niche, which are characterized by xeromesophilia, osmotic stress suppressed the rapid mobilization of free amino acids. The content of individual groups of amino acids under the influence of osmotic stress was characterized by significant differences for species of the Melica genus in the number of acidic amino acids, for Tripogon chinensis an increase in the content of basic amino acids, and for Agropyron cristatum by a decrease in their concentration.
Highlights
Экспериментальная частьОбъектами исследований были семена дикорастущих злаков Stipa krylovii Roshev. – ковыль Крылова, Tripogon chinensis (Franch.) Hack. – трехбородник китайский, Melica virgata Turcz. ex Trin. – перловник прутьевидный, Melica turczaninowiana Ohwi – перловник Турчанинова, Agropyron cristatum (L.) Gaertn. – житняк гребенчатый
Семейство злаковых (Poacea) является широко представленным в растительных сообществах многих природно-климатических зон
The content of individual groups of amino acids under the influence of osmotic stress was characterized by significant differences for species of the Melica genus in the number of acidic amino acids, for Tripogon chinensis an increase in the content of basic amino acids, and for Agropyron cristatum by a decrease in their concentration
Summary
Объектами исследований были семена дикорастущих злаков Stipa krylovii Roshev. – ковыль Крылова, Tripogon chinensis (Franch.) Hack. – трехбородник китайский, Melica virgata Turcz. ex Trin. – перловник прутьевидный, Melica turczaninowiana Ohwi – перловник Турчанинова, Agropyron cristatum (L.) Gaertn. – житняк гребенчатый. Исследованные виды злаков по физиолого-анатомическим и экологическим принципам можно условно разделить на ксерофиты – S. krylovii, T. chinensis, A. cristatum и ксеромезофиты – M. virgata, M. turczaninowiana [7, 8]. Виды T. chinensis и M. virgata относятся к охраняемым [9,10,11], их популяции отмечаются на территории региона редко и участвуют в формировании уникальных растительных ассоциаций [2, 12]. Экстракцию свободных аминокислот проводили 0.89%-ным раствором хлорида натрия. Количественное содержание свободных аминокислот определяли методом высокоэффективной жидкостной хроматографии [13] (колонка Luna C18(2) 150×4.6 мм, 5 мкм, около 8700 ТТ (Phenomenex, США), хроматограф LC-20 Prominence со спектрофотометрическим детектором – диодная матрица SPD-M20A (Shimadzu, Япония). Под цифрами отмечены места сбора и виды злаков: 1 – окр.
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