[Changes of carotid artery elasticity before and after CPAP in patients with obstructive sleep apnea by ultrasonic ultrafast pulse wave velocity technique].

Abstract

Objective:To examine the changes of carotid artery elasticity in patients with obstructive sleep apnea（OSA） before and after continuous positive airway pressure（CPAP） treatment by ultrafast pulse wave velocity（UFPWV） technique，and to explore the influencing factors of carotid artery elasticity in OSA patients，and to provide guidance for clinical prevention and treatment of cardiovascular complications. Methods：Fifty cases of moderate and severe OSA patients diagnosed with PSG monitoring from January 2020 to December 2020 were collected as the OSA group，at the same time，40 healthy subjects who participated in physical examination and matched with OSA group in age and gender were selected as the control group.The OSA group was treated with CPAP for 12 weeks.Clinical indicators，carotid intima-media thickness（IMT），and pulse wave velocity at the beginning of systole（PWVBS） and pulse wave velocity at the end of systole（PWVES） were recorded in the control group，and the above data were collected in the OSA group before and after treatment.The changes of various indicators between the control group and the OSA group，and between the OSA group before and after treatment were compared.The correlative factors and influencing factors of PWVBS and PWVES are analyzed. Results：The serum lipid indexes，IMT，PWVBS and PWVES in OSA group were higher than those in control group（P<0.05）.Comparison between post-treatment and pre-treatment with CPAP in OSA group：PWVBS，PWVES，apnea hypopnea index（AHI），blood oxygen saturation（SaO₂） less than 90% of the time，the percentage of monitoring time when SaO₂ was less than 90%（T90），low density lipoprotein cholesterol（LDL-C）and triglyceride（TG） were decreased（P<0.05）.Lowest blood oxygen saturation（LSaO₂） and high density lipoprotein cholesterol（HDL-C） increased（P<0.05）.Age，systolic blood pressure，IMT，AHI，T90 and time of oxygen saturation below 90% were positively correlated with PWVBS and PWVES，while HDL-C and LSaO₂ were negatively correlated with them（P<0.05）.The risk factors of PWVBS and PWVES included systolic blood pressure，AHI，TC，T90.Conclusion：Moderate and severe OSA can reduce arterial elasticity.CPAP can improve carotid artery elasticity function in patients with OSA.UFPWV technique is more sensitive to quantitatively evaluate the changes of arterial elasticity in patients with OSA than traditional two-dimensional ultrasound.