Abstract
PurposeTo determine whether an innovative, motorized, wellness device that effortlessly produces physical activity (JD) can mitigate the hypertensive effects of prolonged sitting or lying down.MethodsTwenty-two normotensive and hypertensive adults of both genders gave informed consent to participate in a randomized controlled crossover study of a passive simulated jogging device (JD) in both supine and seated postures. Each study participant was monitored with a continuous non-invasive arterial pressure monitoring device (CNAP) over 60 min. The initial 10 min served as baseline for each posture. The subjects were randomized to begin with either JD or SHAM control for 30 min, and monitoring was continued for an additional 10 min in one posture; three days later posture and order of JD or SHAM were changed.ResultsIn both seated and supine postures, SHAM was associated with a significant rise in blood pressure (BP) which was observed within 5–10 min; it continued to rise or remain elevated for over a 40-min observation period. In contrast, JD produced a significant decrease in both systolic and diastolic blood pressure in both postures. During recovery in seated posture JD decreased systolic and diastolic BP by − 8.1 and − 7.6 mmHg, respectively. In supine posture, a similar decrease in BP occurred.ConclusionsThere is rapid onset of increase in systolic and diastolic BP with physical inactivity in both supine and seated postures. Administration of JD significantly decreased BP in both postures. Further studies are needed to assess long-term effectiveness.
Highlights
Prior to 2017, hypertension was diagnosed if systolic blood pressure exceeded 140 mmHg
In 2017, the American College of Cardiology and American Heart Association released new high blood pressure guidelines that lowered the diagnostic threshold of hypertension based upon the SPRINT trial (Systolic Blood Pressure Intervention Trial) encompassing 55,000 persons and 204,000 patient-years
Participants were instrumented with the continuous non-invasive arterial pressure monitoring device (CNAP) system and ECG electrodes in the seated or supine postures and feet with stockings strapped with Velcro strips onto the pedals of the jogging device (JD) with a Velcro strip (JD), CNAP was calibrated to oscillometric determined blood pressure
Summary
Prior to 2017, hypertension was diagnosed if systolic blood pressure exceeded 140 mmHg. The diagnostic threshold for treatment of hypertension was set as greater than systolic blood pressure of 130 mm Hg to achieve optimal efficacy and safety of management (Bangalore et al 2017; Bress et al 2016; Cushman et al 2016) This 2017 guideline puts the prevalence of hypertension among American adults at 45.6% or 103.3 million individuals accompanied by the recommendation that 81.9 million take antihypertensive medications, Further, non-pharmacological interventions were recommended for 9.4% of American adults (Muntner et al 2018). The JD produces passive movement of the lower legs tapping against a semi-rigid bumper to simulate locomotion while subjects are sitting still or lying down The purposes of this investigation were to ascertain whether JD could mitigate the hypertensive effects of physical inactivity in the sitting or lying postures using non-invasively recorded beat to beat blood pressure measurements
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