CHANGES IN YIELDING OF VARIETIES OF WINTER WHEAT AND RYE IN VARIETY TESTING IN POLAND

Abstract

The aim of the study is to determine the significance of varietal progress and changes in level of inputs on changes in yield level of winter wheat and winter rye varieties in conditions of variety testing. The analysis covered the years 2006-2016. The data from post-registration varieties testing coordinated by COBORU were used. It was found that the yield of winter wheat varieties in varieties testing network increased by 12.5 and 13.8 dt/ha in the analyzed period respectively at lower and higher intensity of production. The share of biological progress in observed growth was estimated at level 60 and 38%, respectively. The average annual increase of yields as a result of biological progress was determined at level of 0.92 and 0.58%. For rye the yield growth was 7.4 and 8.5 dt/ha, and the share of biological progress in this increase was determined at level of 41 and 32%. The average annual yield increase resulting from biological progress was 0.50 and 0.38%. The higher effects of biological progress were observed for the lower level of production inputs. Biological progress in cereal production still plays a significant role in the increase in yield. For winter wheat and rye the share was calculated at level 30 to 60% depending on intensity of production and was higher for wheat. Another important factor in achievement yield increasing is correct technique of production, especially proper level of inputs. Under conditions of high-intensity production, the importance of introducing new varieties decreases. Taking it into account, research in the field of plant breeding in future should be more strongly oriented towards obtaining resistance to biotic and abiotic stresses.