Changes in Volatile Compounds of Black Cumin Oil and Hazelnut Oil by Microwave Heating Process

Abstract

AbstractBlack cumin and hazelnut oils were subjected to a heating process in a microwave oven for a duration of 2, 4, 6 and 8 min at a constant frequency of 2450 MHz and a power of 0.45 kW. The ultraviolet absorption and volatile products of the oils were investigated in detail during the processes. The experimental evidences obtained show that K232 and K270 parameters reach values of 4.69 and 1.30 for black cumin oil, 3.22 and 1.75 for hazelnut oil, respectively with the increment of heating time. The headspace SPME method was used to analyze volatile compounds extracted from black cumin and hazelnut oils being exposed to the microwave heating process. The SPME–GC/MS method allowed the detection of 17 identified volatile compounds (hexanal, α‐thujene, α‐pinene, sabinene, β‐pinene, 2‐heptenal, α‐terpinene, limonene, p‐cymene, γ‐terpinene, E‐2‐octenal, nonanal, 4‐terpineol, thymoquinone, E,E‐2,4‐decadienal, α‐longipinene and isolongifolene) in black cumin oils. Of the products, hexanal, 2‐heptenal, E‐2‐octenal, nonanal and E,E‐2,4‐decadienal were determined to be the predominant volatile oxidation products. In fact, the hexanal was found as a major volatile oxidation compound and reached a local maximum point of 7.41 × 106 AU at the end of heating. On the other hand, only 8 volatile oxidation products (hexanal, heptanal, 2‐heptenal, nonanal, E‐2‐decenal, E,Z‐2,4‐decadienal, E,E‐2,4‐decadienal and E‐2‐tridecenal) were identified in hazelnut oils as a consequence of the heating process. Based on the experimental evidence observed, it is reasonable to conclude that the nonanal content dramatically increased at the end of heating and reached a value of 9.22 × 106 AU.