Abstract
Florida “Valencia” oranges have a wide harvest window, covering four months after first reaching the commercial maturity. However, the influence of harvest time on juice flavor chemicals is not well documented, with the exception of sugars and acids. Therefore, we investigated the major flavor chemicals, volatile (aroma), non-volatile (taste) and mouth feel attributes, in the two harvest seasons (March to June in 2007 and February to May in 2012). Bitter limonoid compounds, limonin and nomilin, decreased gradually. Out of a total of 94 volatiles, 32 increased, 47 peaked mid to late season, and 15 decreased. Juice insoluble solids and pectin content increased over the season; however, pectin methylesterase activity remained unchanged. Fruit harvested in the earlier months had lower flavor quality. Juice from later harvests had a higher sugar/acid ratio with less bitterness, while, many important aroma compounds occurred at the highest concentrations in the middle to late season, but occurred at lower concentrations at the end of the season. The results provide information to the orange juice processing industry for selection of optimal harvest time and for setting of precise blending strategy.
Highlights
USDA, ARS, U.S Horticultural Research Laboratory, 2001 S
The major chemicals contributing to bitterness in orange juice (OJ) are the limonoids, limonin and nomilin
Orange flavor is comprised of sugars, acids, limonoids, and a complex mixture of volatile compounds, of which some 200 have been identified [9]
Summary
USDA, ARS, U.S Horticultural Research Laboratory, 2001 S. The major chemicals contributing to bitterness in orange juice (OJ) are the limonoids, limonin and nomilin. Known as Huanglongbing (HLB), has spread throughout the major citrus-producing regions in Florida and many other countries, and has largely accentuated OJ bitterness due to higher concentrations of limonin and nomilin in HLB-affected fruit [7,8]. This is evident in “Hamlin” oranges which already. Little work has been published on influence of harvest maturity
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