Abstract
Children with cleft palate/lip are exposed to risk for verbal communication disorders that include resonance, articulation, voice disorders, and expressive language. The aim of this paper was to evaluate the changes in the voice quality of the children with cleft palate in relation to children without anomaly. The study included 52 participants, 26 with previously corrected cleft palate / lip, and 26 respondents without anomaly who are between 3 and 6 years old. Subjective assessment of voice quality was performed by using the GRBAS scale. Perceptual scales are important in assessing the voice quality, determining the degree and severity of voice disturbance, and deciding on further clinical procedures. Although the instrumental approach to voice examination is relevant because it provides objectivity, the subjective impression in assessing voice quality is crucial. Statistical processing was performed by groups, group structure (gender and age), a certain highest value, as well as percentage participations. The results showed that 50% of the participants were diagnosed with certain changes in the voice. Children aged 3-5 years have a 2.25 times higher incidence of voice changes than children aged 6-8 years. The largest number of participants belong to group 0 - There is no change in voice quality which represents as much as 50% of the total number of patients in the first group. While "3 - Pronounced changes in the voice" were not identified in the respondents aged 3-5 years. In 50% of the total number of participants there is no change in voice quality and these are located in girls aged 3-5 years.
Highlights
Correct, clear and aesthetically pleasing voice is a means of communication between people and through speech, as a perfect form,represents the most comprehensive human activity.[1]Voice disturbance can be named as anything that reduces the effect of communication and makes the voice less pleasant whereby the speaker for an exemplary strong and pleasant voice consumes too much energy
From the 26 diagnosed respondents who have a certain type of voice change, which are divided into 4 groups, listed above in the text below the table, the conclusion is that children aged [3,4,5] years have a 2.25 times higher incidence of voice changes related to children aged [6,7,8] years, of which girls in this group aged [3,4,5] years have 2 times higher incidence of voice changes than boys
The other participantsfrom the control group are of the same age and sex but certainly without cleft palate as an anomaly and without voice disorders
Summary
Clear and aesthetically pleasing voice is a means of communication between people and through speech, as a perfect form,represents the most comprehensive human activity.[1]Voice disturbance can be named as anything that reduces the effect of communication and makes the voice less pleasant whereby the speaker for an exemplary strong and pleasant voice consumes too much energy. Voice disorder exists when one or more aspects of the voice e.g., strength, height, quality or resonance deviates from the norms of age or gender of the interlocutor.[2,3]. When we talk about voice disorders in preschool children, we usually think of childhood hoarseness. Hoarseness or dysphonia is the medical and speech therapy name for any deviation from the normal features of pitch and volume of the voice. Prevention and early detection of voice disorders are very important so that they do not linger in later years. Changes in the voice of children are most often observed in the period from the third to the sixth year, which is associated with the specifics and limited possibilities of the child’s voice in this period.[4]
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