Changes in Total and Available K Contents in Feldspar and Mica Co-pyrolyzed with Poultry Litter at Different Temperatures

Abstract

Plant available potassium (K) content is very low in K-bearing mineral ores present in Sri Lanka and that restrict their use in crop production as K fertilizer sources. Heating of minerals can increase their plant available forms of nutrients. The objective of this experiment was to study the effect of direct heating of K-bearing minerals at different temperatures and co-pyrolyis with poultry litter (PL) at different rates on their total and available K contents. Poultry litter was co-pyrolyzed with 0, 1 and 5% (w/w) of feldspar and mica at 350, 500, 650 and 900 ℃. K-bearing minerals were also directly heated at these temperatures. With direct heating the mineral, total K contents of feldspar (6.2%) and mica (4.5%) were significantly (p<0.001) increased by 10% and 18%, respectively at 500 ℃ and then decreased by 33 and 65%, respectively at 900 ℃. Available K contents in feldspar (0.05%) and in mica (0.03%) either decreased significantly (feldspar) or did not change (mica) upon direct heating. Increasing pyrolysis temperature up to 650 ℃ increased both total (4.2 to 6.4%), and available K (3.2 to 6.1%) contents in poultry litter biochar (PLB). Co-pyrolysis of PL with feldspar or mica at 1 or 5% rates did not improve the total or available K contents in PLB at these temperatures. We concluded that heat treatment of locally available feldspar and mica or co-pyrolyzing them with PL are not effective technologies to increase their utilization in agriculture.