Changes in the Social Foundation and Construction of a Dual System of Civil Law

Abstract

民法体系分为内在体系与外在体系，内在体系的价值取向导引外在体系，而外在体系的各个要素——概念、规范与制度构成内在体系的载体。随着社会基础的变迁，现代民法内在体系形成了意思自治、保护弱者、信赖保护与自己责任的基本原则脉络，并渗透到外在体系的概念、规范与制度中。中国民法典的制定，应结合中国社会基础，遵循民法双重体系的建构。通过定位民法中的“人”，梳理现代民法的内在体系与外在体系在物权法与债法中的体现，检讨中国民法各个具体部门法的瑕疵，以此推动中国民法典的制定。 关键词: 民法内在体系 民法外在体系 社会变迁 The civil law system is divided into an internal and an external system. The value orientation of the internal system guides the external system, whose components (concepts, norms and institutions) serve as a vehicle for the internal system. As the social foundation changes, the internal system of modern civil law has developed such basic principles as private autonomy, protection of the disadvantaged, protection of reliance interests and self‐liability, principles that have permeated into the concepts, norms and institutions of the external system. The formulation of the Chinese civil code should take into account the foundations of Chinese society and give due weight to the construction of a dual system of civil law. By defining “person” in civil law, clarifying the expression of the internal and external systems in both the law of real rights and the law of obligations, and examining flaws in specific branches of civil law, we hope to advance the formulation of China's civil code.