Abstract
This study sought to explore if the effect of 20% sucrose rinse (SR) on the salivary electrolytic concentration of calcium (Ca2+), phosphate (Pi) and fluoride (F−) in children with Early Childhood Caries (ECC) is different from healthy children. Here, fifty-eight preschoolers aged 3 to 5 years were divided into 2 groups: caries-free (CF) and with ECC. Changes in saliva flow rate, pH and buffering capacity (BC), as well as in concentrations of Ca2+, Pi, and F−, and the degree of saturation in relation to hydroxyapatite (DSS HAp) and fluorapatite (DSS FAp) were evaluated. The pre-rinse [Ca2+] was higher in the ECC group in the CF group. A significant increase in [Ca2+] was demonstrated after SR in the CF group (p = 0.05). The [Pi] was reduced by 18% after SR in the ECC group (p = 0.007). The [F-] reduced in both groups after SR (p < 0.000). There was a moderate positive correlation between [Ca2+] and the DSS HAp and DSS FAp. Multivariate analysis showed that children with a higher [Ca2+] in pre-rinse saliva are more likely to have ECC. In conclusion, the effect of a 20% sucrose rinse on the electrolytic concentration of Ca2+, Pi and F- was different when children with ECC were compared with CF children.
Highlights
This study sought to explore if the effect of 20% sucrose rinse (SR) on the salivary electrolytic concentration of calcium (Ca2+), phosphate (Pi) and fluoride (F−) in children with Early Childhood Caries (ECC) is different from healthy children
The buffering capacity of saliva is higher in caries-free individuals than in individuals with ECC. (Table 1)
The Post-hoc least significant difference (LSD) test evidence that in the pre-rinse moment, calcium concentration was significantly higher in the saliva of children with ECC than in the saliva of caries-free children
Summary
This study sought to explore if the effect of 20% sucrose rinse (SR) on the salivary electrolytic concentration of calcium (Ca2+), phosphate (Pi) and fluoride (F−) in children with Early Childhood Caries (ECC) is different from healthy children. Childhood Caries (ECC) is understood as a chronic, complex and dynamic process of tooth demineralization that can damage irreversibly the tooth crown of children under 6 years old[1,2] This disease will occur when poor oral hygiene is associated with frequent ingestion of fermentable carbohydrate (mainly sucrose) promoting a shift on the ecology and on the microbial metabolic framework of the biofilm and enhancing the bacteria pathogenicity. Clinical studies that investigated the electrolytic concentration of calcium, phosphate, and fluoride in the saliva of children have provided a contrasting overview regarding differences between caries-active and caries-free individuals[11,12,13,14]. The available scientific literature did not provide a clear overview of what really happens with the ionic concentration of calcium, phosphate, and fluoride when the pH drops after intake of sweetened food by children with and without ECC
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