Abstract

Once nearly extirpated, the Eastern Population (EP) of Greater Sandhill Cranes (Grus canadensis tabida) has increased in number and expanded its range in breeding and wintering areas. Data from Christmas Bird Counts (CBCs) and Breeding Bird Surveys (BBSs) were used to delineate changes in the wintering and breeding area distributions during the period from 1966 to 2013. Crane densities were plotted to the centroid of CBC circles or BBS routes, and the Geographic Mean Centers (GMCs) for wintering and breeding populations were calculated. The number of Greater Sandhill Cranes detected during the breeding season has steadily increased since 1966, with just six birds observed in 1966 and 1046 observed in 2013. The GMC of the Sandhill Crane breeding population has remained in Wisconsin during the 47-yr time frame. The total number of Sandhill Cranes counted in the eastern United States during CBCs grew from 423 in 1965–1966 to 46,194 in 2012–2013, with a peak number of 55,826 in 2011–2012. The GMC of wintering Greater Sandhill Cranes was located in Florida during the periods from 1966 to 1977 and 1978 to 1989, but shifted north-northwest by nearly 4° of latitude (into Georgia) by 1990–2001. By 2002–2013, the GMC had shifted an additional degree north as well as almost a degree west in longitude. Greater Sandhill Cranes in the EP may continue to winter further north and remain in more northerly areas later in the fall before migrating further south. Factors such as annual weather, long-term climate change, and changes in land use may influence future population trends and changes in both the breeding and wintering ranges of the EP of Sandhill Cranes. RESUMEN Cambios en el numero y la distribucion de Grus canadensis tabida en la poblacion del oriente Una vez casi extirpada, la poblacion de Grus canadensis tabida del oriente, ha incrementado en numero y expandido su rango en area de reproduccion e invernales. Datos de Conteos Navidenos (CN) y Censos de Aves Reproductivas (CAR) fueron utilizados para delinear cambios en la distribucion en el area de invernal y reproductiva durante el periodo desde 1996 hasta 2013. Las densidades de las Grulla fueron graficada al centroide de los circulos de CN y las rutas CAR y fueron calculados los Centros Geograficos Promedio (CGP) para las poblaciones invernales y reproductivas. El numero de G. c. tabida detectados durante la temporada reproductiva ha incrementado sostenidamente desde 1996, con solo seis aves observadas en 1996 y 1046 observadas en el 2013. Los CGP de las poblaciones de G. c. tabida han permanecido en Wisconsin durante el plazo de 47 anos. Los numeros totales de G. c. tabida obtenidos al oriente de los Estados Unidos durante los CN crecio desde 423 en 1965–1996 a 46,194 en 2012–2013, con un numero pico de 55,826 en 2011–2012. El CGP invernal de G. c. tabida fue localizado en la Florida durante los periodos 1996 a 1997 y 1978 a 1989, pero se desplazo al nororiente por casi 4° de latitud (hacia Georgia) entre 1990–2001. Entre 2002–2013, el CGP de ha desplazado un grado mas al norte al igual que casi un grado de longitud al occidente. Las poblaciones orientales de G. c. tabida pueden continuar invernando mas al norte y permanecen en las zonas mas septentrionales mas tarde en el otono antes de migrar hacia el sur. Factores como el clima anual, el cambio climatico a largo plazo, y los cambios en el uso del suelo pueden influir en todas las tendencias demograficas futuras, y cambios tanto en la cria como rangos invernales de la poblacion oriental de G. c. tabida.

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