Changes in the morpho-physiological indicators of seed germination of wheat under the influence of ultrasonic exposure

Abstract

The work is devoted to the study of the influence of ultrasound on the morphological and physiological-biochemical indicators of seed germination in wheat. The seeds were sonicated at the swelling stage, immediately after soaking and at the germination stage, 24 hours after the addition of water. The treatment was carried out for 5, 10 and 20 minutes, the controls were soaked, but not sonicated seeds. In the seeds and sprouts, the intensity of respiration, the activity of catalase and peroxidase, the length of the roots, the number of roots, the length of the shoots, the germination capacity, and the rate of germination were measured. A partial dependence on the effect of the investigated factor and the corresponding parameters studied is shown. Ultrasonic treatment had either a stimulating effect or an inhibitory effect. A statistically significant increase in the catalase activity was observed with 20 minutes of seed treatment at the swelling stage and at 10 and 20 minutes treatment at the germination stage. The five-minute action activated the activity of peroxidases. The intensity of respiration was higher in seeds treated during 10 and 20 minutes at the stage of swelling, and 5 minutes at the germination stage, a decrease in the intensity of respiration was observed in seeds treated with ultrasound for 20 minutes at the germination stage. The germination rate was enhanced by 10 minutes of action by ultrasound at the swelling stage. The analysis of morphometric indices revealed a positive dynamics for seeds treated with ultrasound for 10 minutes at the stage of swelling, negative values were recorded during seed treatment for 10 and 20 minutes at the germination stage. The point of stimulating action of ultrasound on wheat seeds in the region of 10 minutes at the initial stage of swelling was established.