Abstract
Aim: The aim of this descriptive study is to determine the frequency of thyroid cancer (TC) and evaluate the changing rates of histopathological types, age and sex distribution of thyroid tumours in our region.
 Material and Methods: A total of 4917 patients who underwent thyroidectomy for different indications between May 2010 and May 2019 were included in this retrospective study. Patients’ age, sex, selected surgical method and postoperative final pathology results were recorded. All data were evaluated using statistical analyses.
 Results: Of the 4917 patients, 922 were male (18.8%) and 3995 were female (81.2%). The mean age was 48.3 ± 12.3 (17-84) years. Among all cases 27.1% (1335) of them were malignant and 2.6 % (125) of them were well-differentiated tumours of uncertain malignant potential. The 1335 cases diagnosed with a malignant thyroid tumour had a mean age of 44.7±11.6 years and a female-to-male ratio of 4,3. Of these, 94.9% of them had papillary thyroid carcinoma (PTC), 1.72% had follicular thyroid carcinoma (FTC), 2.32% had medullary thyroid carcinoma (MTC), and 0.45% had anaplastic thyroid carcinoma. Of the cases with PTC, 62.66% of them had microcarcinoma.
 Conclusion: Papillary thyroid microcarcinoma (PTMC) frequency increases especially in the younger and female population in our region, FTC frequency decreases significantly and MTC is the second most common type of TCs after papillary cancers. In all TCs, the 59.47% PTMC share (mostly detected incidentally, 83.7%) appears to be the result of pathologists examining more tissue blocks and histological sampling over time.
Highlights
Thyroid cancer (TC) is the commonest endocrine system malignancy and its incidence has increased significantly in the last 4 decades [1]
We examined Papillary thyroid microcarcinoma (PTMC) and papillary thyroid carcinoma (PTC) as two different subtypes and we found their ratio among all TCs to be 94.9% in total
This study shows that PTMC frequency increases especially in the younger and female population in our region, follicular thyroid carcinoma (FTC) frequency decreases significantly and medullary thyroid carcinoma (MTC) is the second most common type of TCs after papillary cancers
Summary
Thyroid cancer (TC) is the commonest endocrine system malignancy and its incidence has increased significantly in the last 4 decades [1]. TC is the sixth most common cancer in women in the USA and 52070 new cases occurred in both sexes in 2019. TC is still responsible for 0.3 % of cancer-related deaths, and has an incidence of 3.4 % among all cancers [2]. The reasons for this increase are still controversial. The advances in imaging techniques for the detection of TC, which allows biopsy of even the smallest nodules, is thought to be main reason. It is noteworthy that in many countries of the world, this increase, which is mainly observed in microcancers, is not reflected in the mortality rates caused by TC [3]
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