Abstract
Plant biostimulants can stimulate the increase of growth, metabolism and the biosynthesis of metabolites in plants. This study investigated the changes of rosemary essential oil and its components composition under use of biostimulants for the possible reduction in use of chemical fertilizers. Treatments included biostimulants based on amino acids in four formulations, Aminolforte, Kadostim, Humiforte, and Fosnutren (each of them at 0.75 and 1.5 L ha-1), and application of N.P.K fertilizer as a control treatment (by applied complete fertilizer at 100 kg per hectar with proportion of 15:8:15 percentage of N:P:K in the fertilizer). Results showed that the essential oil content and its components were significantly affected by biostimulants application. The maximum content of essential oil was obtained at 1.5 L ha-1 Humiforte and both concentrations of Aminolforte. While, the highest content of α-pinene, 1,8-cineole, and camphor as major components of rosemary essential oil were obtained at 1.5 L ha-1 Fosnutren. In addition, the maximum content of linalool, z-pinocamphone, bornyl acetate, and caryophyllene oxide were observed at 1.5 L ha-1 Fosnutren.Although, the highest content of myrcene and verbenone was obtained in the treatment with N.P.K fertilizer, but the maximum contents of β-pinene, camphene, borneol, and α-terpineol were related to the both concentrations of Aminolforte.We can conclude that biostimulants based on amino acids can be an effective alternative in reducing the use of chemical fertilizer and increasing the quantity and quality of rosemary essential oil.
Highlights
Rosemary (Rosmarinus officinalis L.) is an evergreen branched, aromatic and medicinal plant that belongs to the Labiatae family
Analysis of variance showed that the use of biostimulants had a significant (p ≤ 0.01) effect on the essential oil content, α-pinene, camphene, βpinene, myrcene, p-cymene, limonene, 1,8-cineole, linalool, camphor, borneol, pinocamphone, αterpineol, bornyl acetate, caryophyllene and caryophyllene oxide contents
The highest content of αpinene, 1,8-cineole, and camphor as major components of rosemary essential oil were found at 1.5 L ha-1 Fosnutren
Summary
Rosemary (Rosmarinus officinalis L.) is an evergreen branched, aromatic and medicinal plant that belongs to the Labiatae family. A systematic study identified about 38 compounds from the rosemary essential oil using gas chromatographymass spectrometry (GC/MS), and antimicrobial properties of the essential oil (mixture) were evaluated against 19 microbial strains (Bozin et al, 2007). Another comprehensive study identified 22 antioxidant compounds from 24 commercial rosemary extracts using high-pressure liquid chromatography with UV detector (HPLCUV/MS), including polyphenolic acids such as vanillic acid, caffeic acid, and rosmarinic acid; phenolic diterpenes such as carnosic acid, carnosol, and rosmadial; and flavonoids such as genkwanin and cirsimaritin (Cuvelier et al, 1996)
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