Changes in the EMG of Low Back Muscles during Static Lumbar Flexion

Abstract

Prolonged and/or frequent lumbar flexion posture in industry has been known to contribute to the development of work-related low back pain or disorders but the specific biomechanics of this link has not been fully developed. In this study the effects of static lumbar flexion on back extensor muscles were evaluated by quantifying the changes in the flexion-relaxation onset angle, muscle activity level and the development of muscle fatigue associated with static lumbar flexion. Twenty healthy subjects performed submaximal isometric trunk extension exertions and isokinetic trunk flexion before and immediately after a 5 min continuous lumbar flexion posture while the trunk sagittal flexion angle and the myoelectric activities (EMG) of erector spinae muscles and latissimus dorsi muscles were recorded simultaneously. Results show an increase in the flexion-relaxation onset angle, normalized EMG of isometric extension, and decrease in the median power frequency of EMG as a consequence of the static lumbar flexion. It is suggested that back extensor muscles produce sustained low level contraction during static lumbar flexion, leading to muscular fatigue development. Together with creep deformed passive tissues of the low back and resultant spinal instability, the muscle fatigue of back extensors in static lumbar flexion may play a role in the development of low back pain or disorders.