Changes in the distribution, abundance and status of Arabian Sand Gazelle (Gazella subgutturosa marica) in Saudi Arabia: A review

Abstract

There is a lack of published information on the current status of the Arabian Sand Gazelle Gazella subgutturosa marica in Saudi Arabia. A review of the available literature, mainly unpublished reports presenting wildlife census data, is collated and supplemented with the most recent counts. The number of free ranging gazelle has declined dramatically in the northern protected areas (Harrat al-Harrah and Al-Khunfah) to the extent that they are currently viewed as virtually extinct, while gazelle numbers in the only fenced protected area in central western Saudi Arabia (Mahazat as-Sayd) fluctuate widely according to food availability. Gazelle numbers in the southern protected area (Uruq Bani Ma'arid) remain changeable but comparatively stable. Uncontrolled hunting and competition with domestic stock are the main reasons for the decline in the northern protected areas. Large numbers of gazelle are thought to be kept in private collections throughout Saudi Arabia, although inconsistent husbandry methods, potential for inbreeding and possibilities for cross-breeding, may compromise the conservation value of these stocks. Overall numbers of reem in Saudi have declined dramatically over the last 50 years. Since the inception of the National Commission for Wildlife and Conservation Development (NCWCD) in 1986 the gains made by managed conservation interventions (mainly in the centre and south) have been offset by serious losses of important wild stocks in the northern reserves. There remains an urgent need to arrest the losses in the north through improved protection and securing of local support. In the south, continued effort to monitor and expand unfenced populations, and introduction of adaptive management to the fenced populations, is also required if the conservation status of this taxon is not to deteriorate.