Abstract
Esophageal achalasia is a primary esophageal motility disorder of unknown origin characterized by the absence of esophageal peristalsis and failure of the lower esophageal sphincter (LES) to relax appropriately in response to swallowing. These abnormalities lead to impaired emptying of food from the esophagus into the stomach with consequent food stasis. The last two decades have seen a significant change in the understanding of the clinical presentation of this disease, and in its diagnosis and treatment.
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