Abstract
Grapevine seedlings Vitis vinifera L. were grown in a greenhouse under optimum conditions (soil moisture ca 70 %) and under drought stress (soil moisture ca 30 %). Drought stress caused reduction in total phenolic compounds in grapevine leaves and roots, where were identified tree phenolic acids: caffeic acid, p-coumaric acid and ferulic acid. All acids found in leaves and roots occurred in the ester-bound form. Only caffeic acid in leaves appeared in the free and ester-bound form. Caffeic acid was present in the highest concentrations. The content of ferulic acid was the lowest in both tissues. The levels of all phenolic acids in leaves and roots decreased significantly under the drought stress. All the extracts from grapevine leaves and roots had antioxidative properties, but the antiradical activity of the extracts obtained from roots subjected to drought stress was lower to the control. The results of the analysis revealed that long-term drought stress caused a decrease in selected elements of secondary metabolism in such a different plant tissues that are the leaves and roots of the grapevine.
Highlights
According to estimated data, a 70 % increase in crop yield could be achieved if the environmental conditions were close to optimum for a given plant
The results show that dry matter in leaves of grapevine seedlings subjected to drought stress (LS) was significantly higher (26.24 %) compared to the control samples of leaves (LC), in which the dry matter content was at the level of 22.31 % (Fig. 1)
The results show that leaves have a lower content of phenolic compounds than roots
Summary
A 70 % increase in crop yield could be achieved if the environmental conditions were close to optimum for a given plant. That is why identifying and managing the adverse environmental effects is a top priority in many countries in the world (Chaves and Oliveira 2004). The main factors that restrain the plant distribution are environmental stresses, such as drought, low or high temperature and excessive salinity. These abiotic stress factors generate secondary stresses, i.e. osmotic and oxidative stress, which have negative influence on the plant, causing changes in its normal growth, development and metabolism (Bohenert et al 1995; Kranner et al 2010). Water stress is one of these environmental factors that can considerably limit distribution of crops in the world (Passioura 2007; Cattivelli et al 2008; Farooq et al 2009)
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