Abstract
The problem of studying the processes of restructuring of airways epithelium of humans and animals of adaptive nature under the influence of various factors on the body remains the subject of scientific discussions. The aim of this work is to study morphometric changes in the cellular composition guinea pig’s distal airways epithelium in the dynamics of experimental ovalbumin-induced allergic inflammation. We studied lung of 48 male guinea pigs, using histological, morphometric and statistical methods, under conditions of experimental ovalbumin-induced allergic inflammation, simulated by subcutaneous sensitization and subsequent intranasal inhalation with ovalbumin. The average number of epithelial cells of small bronchi and terminal bronchioles was determined: basal epithelium cells, ciliated cells, goblet cells and exocrine bronchiolar cells per unit area of 10000 μm2. We have shown the most significant reactive morphometric changes on the 23rd and 30th days of the experiment. We demonstrated a decrease of the number of basal cells (by 1.5 times compared to the control, p*/**<0.01) and ciliated cells (by 1.6 times compared to the control, p*/**<0.001) and an elevation of the average number of goblet cells (by 2.6 times compared to the control, p*/**<0.01) in bronchioles, a decrease of the average number of exocrine bronchiolar cells (by 1.6 times compared to the control, p*/**<0.01) in terminal bronchioles. These changes are the morphological confirmation of the development of bronchial hyperreactivity as a result of the action of the allergen. Sensitization and allergization with ovalbumin cause statistically significant morphological changes in the cellular composition of small bronchi and terminal bronchioles of an alterative nature in the early period and adaptive – in the late period of allergic inflammation, corresponding to the main morphological manifestations of allergic inflammation.
Highlights
The condition of the respiratory epithelium is crucial for maintaining the health of the respiratory system and is a major barrier to various aeroallergens
There is a tendency to the thinning of bronchiolar epithelium after sensitization and inhalation with ovalbumin in the early period of development of allergic inflammation
This study has reported the regularity of changes in the cellular composition of the epithelium in bronchioles and terminal bronchioles in the dynamics of allergic inflammation
Summary
The condition of the respiratory epithelium is crucial for maintaining the health of the respiratory system and is a major barrier to various aeroallergens. A triad of cytokines, including IL-25, IL-33 and TSLP, is synthesized and secreted by airway epithelial cells in response to various environmental stimuli and / or due to cell damage [13, 16]. The latter induce inflammation of airways by Th2-type and cause remodeling and pathological changes in airways wall. This fact indicates a key role of bronchial epithelial cells in the histophysiology of allergic inflammation [3, 15]. All the above indicates the need to clarify this topical problem from a morphological point of view in the dynamics of experimental allergic inflammation
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