Abstract
Fenton-like system formed in a natural soil environment deemed to be significant in the aging process of biochar. Aged biochars have distinct physico-chemical and surface properties compared to non-aged biochar. The aged biochar proved to be useful soil amendment due to its improved elements contents and surface properties. The biochar aging process resulted in increased surface area and pore volume, as well as carbon and oxygen-containing functional groups (such as C=O, –COOH, O–C=O etc.) on its surface, which were also associated with the adsorption behavior of 2,4,6-trichlorophenol (2,4,6-TCP). The biochar aging increased the adsorption capacity of 2,4,6-TCP, which was maximum at pH 3.0. The 2,4,6-TCP adsorption capacity of aged-bush biochar (ABB) and aged-peanut shell biochar (APB) was increased by 1.0–11.0% and 7.4–38.8%, respectively compared with bush biochar (BB) and peanut shell biochar (PB) at the same initial concentration of 2,4,6-TCP. All biochars had similar 2,4,6-TCP desorption rates ranging from 33.2 to 73.3% at different sorption temperatures and times. The desorbed components were mainly 2,4,6-TCP and other degraded components, which were low in concentration with small molecule substance. The results indicated that the aged-biochar could be effective for the long-term remediation of naturally organic polluted soils.
Highlights
Fenton-like system formed in a natural soil environment deemed to be significant in the aging process of biochar
The aged biochars surface sulfur was increased by 12.7% (ABB) and 26.9% (APB) compared to bush biochar (BB) and peanut shell biochar (PB), respectively
The percentage of ash content in aged biochars decreased to 28.32% (ABB) and 21.56% (APB) compared to the control, respectively (Table 1)
Summary
Fenton-like system formed in a natural soil environment deemed to be significant in the aging process of biochar. Biochar properties (such as surface characteristics, aging, etc.) affect the infiltration of wastewater into soils which are crucial for protecting water resources and minimizing health h azards[2]. Because of the specific surface characteristics (porous structure, micropores etc.), abundant microchannels and stable aromatic chemical structure (such as alkaline pH and rich organic functional groups)[4], biochar has been widely used as an environmentally friendly amendment for the treatment of wastewater and soil pollution[5]. The sorption strength of organic pollutants depends on physical and chemical properties of the biochar, which vary between different feedstock materials and aging time durations in amended s oils[9,10]. Increasing adsorption capacity with aged biochar would decrease the available organic pollutants concentration, thereby limiting their activity and promoting biodegradation over time[2]. Loganathan et al.[11] found that biochar amended soils contained higher non-desorbable fractions of atrazine compared with control which contained more rapidly mineralizing atrazine
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