Abstract
In this work, we tested a new approach to assess the presence of inflammatory process in the implant area using spectral methods and the technique of fiber fluorescence analysis of photosensitizers in nanoform. First of all, the spectral characteristics of the photosensitizer when interacting with the porous surface of the implant, based on hydroxyapatite under in vitro and in vivo conditions, were determined. Thus, it was shown that spectral characteristics of photosensitizers can be used for judgement on the process of inflammation in the implant area and thus on the local presence of the immunocompetent cells. The analysis was performed at a sufficient depth in the biotissue by using the near-infrared spectral region, as well as two different methods: fiber-based laser spectroscopy and fiber-optic neuroscopy, which served to monitor the process and regular fluorescence diagnosis of the studied area. Fluorescence spectroscopic analysis was performed on experimental animals in vivo, i.e., under conditions of active immune system intervention, as well as on cell cultures in vitro in order to judge the role of the immune system in the interaction with the implant in comparison. Thus, the aim of the study was to determine the relationship between the fluorescence signal of nanophotosensitizers in the near infrared spectral region and its parameters with the level of inflammation and the type of surface with which the photosensitizer interacts in the implant area. Thus, fiber-optic control opens up new approaches for further diagnosis and therapy in the implant area, making immune cells a prime target for advanced therapies.
Highlights
Optical methods have many advantages in the treatment of various brain pathologies due to the possibility of selective exposure to altered tissues containing a contrasting substance sensitive to radiation at certain wavelengths, leading to photochemical, photothermal and photobiological reactions in the tissues [1]
The use of nanocomposites that fluoresce in the far-red and near infrared (IR) spectral range and have a phototoxic effect opens up new opportunities for the diagnosis and therapy of deep-seated tumors [6,7,8]
Along with directional studies of photosensitizers with intense absorption band in the far red and near-infrared spectral regions, new molecular nanocrystals based on organic molecules derived from already known photosensitizers were investigated
Summary
Optical methods have many advantages in the treatment of various brain pathologies due to the possibility of selective exposure to altered tissues containing a contrasting substance sensitive to radiation at certain wavelengths, leading to photochemical, photothermal and photobiological reactions in the tissues [1]. The ability of cells of different morphologies to accumulate photosensitizers (PS) in different ways opens up the possibility of their optical non-invasive differentiation and deactivation under the influence of radiation into the absorption band of the photosensitizer of endogenous and exogenous nature. The use of nanocomposites that fluoresce in the far-red and near infrared (IR) spectral range and have a phototoxic effect opens up new opportunities for the diagnosis and therapy of deep-seated tumors [6,7,8]. Along with directional studies of photosensitizers with intense absorption band in the far red and near-infrared spectral regions, new molecular nanocrystals based on organic molecules derived from already known photosensitizers were investigated
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