Changes in Soil Biochemical Properties in a Cedar Plantation Invaded by Moso Bamboo

Yo-Jin Shiau,Chih-Yu Chiu

doi:10.3390/f8070222

Abstract

Moso bamboo (Phyllostachys edulis) is one of the widely growing bamboo species in Asia. Because of its fast growth and aggressive rhizomes, it is reported to invade other forests and reduce the biodiversity of forest ecosystems. To determine the changes in soil nutrient conditions due to moso bamboo invasion, this research measured the difference in soil labile carbon (C) and nitrogen (N) contents in a Japanese cedar (Cryptomeria japonica) forest invaded by moso bamboo in central Taiwan. The content of soluble organic C (SbOC), measured by both KCl and hot-water extraction methods, was lower in bamboo than cedar soils. This observation agreed with the finding that the more easily decomposed SbOC could be lost with bamboo invasion. In addition, both SbOCKCl and SbOCHW contents were positively correlated with microbial biomass C content, so the decreased labile organic C content in bamboo soils may reduce microbial biomass production. Principal component analysis revealed soil organic C content (total organic C, SbOC and acid-hydrolysable C) as the most important soil parameter affected by the bamboo invasion, followed by microbial biomass N and NO3− contents in soils. The soil quality index model also agreed with the degraded soil quality with bamboo invasion. In conclusion, the invasion of moso bamboo reduced the C and N pools in bamboo soil and degraded the overall soil quality.

Highlights

Bamboo forest occupies more than 10 million hectares in the world, and 80% of the forests are located in tropical and subtropical Asia [1]
The C-related parameters, total organic C (TOC), Sb OCKCl, Sb OCHW, AHPI-C, AHPII-C, and RP-C, and N-related parameters, total nitrogen (TN) and NH4 + HW, appeared to be the most important soil parameters affected by the bamboo invasion in PC-1 and explained 64.6% of the variance
The calculated soil quality index (SQI) based on principal component analysis (PCA) results showed the cedar plantation with higher soil quality than the transition zone and bamboo plantation (0.75 ± 0.03 vs. 0.38 ± 0.04 and 0.41 ± 0.02) (Figure 1)

Summary

Introduction

Bamboo forest occupies more than 10 million hectares in the world, and 80% of the forests are located in tropical and subtropical Asia [1]. Bamboo grows quickly and can increase its height up to a rate of 17 cm·day−1 [7]. Because of its high growth rate, moso bamboo can expand rapidly and replace surrounding forests via its aggressive rhizomes [9,10]. The fast-growing shoots of moso bamboo can reach their full height and occupy the canopy within 2 to 3 months [11]. Previous research has reported the impact of bamboo invasion on ecosystem functioning, such as changing plant diversity [13,14], altering soil water content [9], decreasing soil trace elements [15], and changing microbial diversity [7,16,17]. Wang et al [18] found that

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Conclusion