Changes in serum fatty acid and lipoprotein subclass concentrations from prepuberty to adulthood and during aging.

Tarja Rajalahti,Chenchen Lin,Svein Are Mjøs,Olav Martin Kvalheim

doi:10.1007/s11306-016-0968-y

Tarja Rajalahti, Chenchen Lin + Show 2 more

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https://doi.org/10.1007/s11306-016-0968-y

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Abstract

Concentrations in serum were determined for 18 fatty acids (FAs) and 21 lipoprotein main and subclasses by chromatographic analyses and the average size was calculated for very low density (VLDL), low density (LDL) and high density (HDL) particles. 283 ethnic Norwegian children and adults from the rural Fjord region of Western Norway were compared with the objectives to reveal patterns and gender differences during the development from prepuberty to adulthood and during aging in adults. Both genders showed a large increase in eicosapentaenoic acid (EPA) and docosahexaenoic acid (DHA) from child to adult. Males, but not females, show a significant increase in most C16–C18 FAs from prepuberty to adulthood. These changes in males correlate to a pattern of increased concentrations of triglycerides, VLDL and LDL particles, especially the atherogenic subclasses of small and very small LDL particles. Furthermore, concentrations of medium, large and very large HDL particles decrease, while concentration of very small HDL particles increase leading to reduced average size of HDL particles. Females only showed significant increase in concentrations of small and very small LDL particles, very small HDL particles and apolipoprotein B. While EPA and DHA continued to increase during aging in women, no validated model for connecting age to FA profile was obtained for men. Women showed significant increase in concentrations of all subclasses of LDL particles during aging, while men exhibited a more complex pattern with increase also in apolipoprotein A1 and HDL particles.Electronic supplementary materialThe online version of this article (doi:10.1007/s11306-016-0968-y) contains supplementary material, which is available to authorized users.

Highlights

Following the work of Dyerberg et al (1978) and Kagawa et al (1982), which indicated the protective effect of eicosapentaenoic acid (EPA) on risk of developing cardiovascular diseases (CVDs), several studies have been performed to assess effects of fatty acids (FAs) on lipoprotein distribution and their impact on CVD risk
Concentrations in serum were determined for 18 fatty acids (FAs) and 21 lipoprotein main and subclasses by chromatographic analyses and the average size was calculated for very low density (VLDL), low density (LDL) and high density (HDL) particles. 283 ethnic Norwegian children and adults from the rural Fjord region of Western Norway were compared with the objectives to reveal patterns and gender differences during the development from prepuberty to adulthood and during aging in adults
Supplementary material 1 shows medians of FAs, Total fatty acid (TFA) and EPA/AA calculated for children and adults of both genders

Summary

Introduction

Following the work of Dyerberg et al (1978) and Kagawa et al (1982), which indicated the protective effect of EPA on risk of developing cardiovascular diseases (CVDs), several studies have been performed to assess effects of FAs on lipoprotein distribution and their impact on CVD risk. Reviews by Chowdhury et al (2014) and Michas et al (2014) summarize the current opinion of the associations of individual and groups of FAs to CVD risk. The poly-unsaturated FAs, especially the marine omega-3 FAs (Kelley and Adkins 2012; Ninomiya et al 2013), appear to reduce CVD risk, while saturated and mono-unsaturated FAs increase CVD risk. Certain lipoprotein subclasses have been shown to be connected to increased CVD risk, e.g., small LDL particles (Hirayama and Miida 2012). Age effects on FA levels have been studied by

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