Abstract
The study aimed to examine changes in selected angular characteristics and duration of the stroke cycle in the back crawl and the front crawl in children learning to swim. Nine boys and two girls, aged 8-13 years, performed seven consecutive swimming tests. The children's movement technique was recorded with the use of three video cameras. The studied parameters included the angle of incidence between the trunk long axis and the waterline, elbow angle, shoulders roll, stroke cycle duration and stroke length. The results illustrate the development of swimming technique in youth swimmers. The results of the present study indicate the variability and phasing of learning of swimming technique by children.
Highlights
The movements of particular body parts during swimming have been artificially developed in the form of four swimming styles
In the present study the angle of incidence was measured at two moments of the stroke cycle: at the swimmer’s arm’s entry in the water and when the arm formed a 90O angle with the trunk axis
The 90o angle decreased as the children improved their swimming technique (Table 1)
Summary
The movements of particular body parts during swimming have been artificially developed in the form of four swimming styles. Studies involving video recording of swimming techniques, turns and starts were carried out by researchers from the United States, Australia, Great Britain, Korea, Germany, Norway, Japan and Poland (Kjendlie et al, 2004, 2008, 2004). Their methodology was based on a comparison of anthropometric indices, buoyancy, body roll and swimming technique between children (12 years of age) and adults (21 years of age). The results of these studies allowed instructors and swimmers to introduce changes in swimming technique, which contributed to the improvement of swimming performance (Haljand, 1997; Yoshizawa, 1982)
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