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Abstract
Memory decline is a feature of some, but not all, healthy older adults. The neural patterns of this variability are still largely unknown. We examined the resting-state functional connectivity (RSFC) of older and younger adults before and after cognitive effort as an underlying feature for subsequent memory changes, focusing on the RSFC between the left anterior hippocampus (laHC) and the posterior hippocampi (pHC). Results showed that for younger adults, post-effort increases in laHC–pHC RSFC were related to increases in RSFC between the laHC and the hubs of the default mode network (DMN). However, for older adults, post-effort increases in the RSFC of laHC–pHC were related to decreases in the RSFC of the laHC and right precentral gyrus. Thus, the correlation between intra-HC and inter-HC RSFC was altered with cognitive effort and aging. Importantly, older adults who had lower post-effort RSFC between the laHC and the pHC demonstrated a decline in episodic memory 2 years later. Hence, the change in intra-HC RSFC following cognitive effort was able to predict subsequent memory function with aging in our sample.
Highlights
Older adults are especially impaired in episodic memory (Grady, 2012)
The first group was composed of regions of the medial temporal lobe (MTL) subsystem of the default mode network (DMN): right anterior HC (aHC), left posterior hippocampi (pHC), right pHC, and bilateral inferior parietal lobule (IPL)
We focused on the correlation between the ∆resting-state functional connectivity (RSFC) left anterior hippocampus (laHC)–pHC connection and the ∆RSFC laHC–DMN hub connection
Summary
Extensive studies have delineated the phenomenon of age-related memory decline (Nyberg et al, 2012), as well as the structural and functional brain changes (Grady, 2012) and the trajectory of accumulating neuropathologies with age (Ewers et al, 2011). Researchers and clinicians are still unable to predict future decline in memory function in cognitively intact older adults. This prediction is crucial to maintain quality of life with advancing age, since it can potentially allow for a timely initiation of interventions. We focused on the hippocampus (HC) and its functional networks, as they are known to be related to changes in episodic memory with age (Andrews-Hanna et al, 2010, 2014; Moscovitch et al, 2016)
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