Changes in regional climatic characteristics in the Non-Chernozem zone of the Russian Federation and their impact on soybean yields

Abstract

The work analyzes agroclimatic resources in the Non- Chernozem zone of Russia for the period from 1981 to 2023. As a result of studying the data array, it was established that the values of the sum of active temperatures in the agroclimatic subzones of the Non-Black Earth Region increased by 200-250°C, the amount of precipitation falling during the growing season decreased by 20-40 mm, the hydrothermal humidification coefficient (HTC) of Selyaninov decreased by 0.1- 0.3 p. The changes led to a shift of the isotherm of the sum of active temperatures by 150-200 km towards high latitudes. A grouping of years of research was carried out according to the hydrothermal coefficient, the yield and growing season of soybean variety Georgia were determined. As a result of the research, it was revealed that the highest average seed yield for the group of years (moistening conditions) was obtained in the year with sufficient moisture and amounted to 2.47 t/ha, and the lowest - 1.18 t/ha per year with insufficient moisture. A significant relationship has been established between seed yield, the weight of 1000 seeds and the HTC of the growing season: the variation in soybean yield during the years of research is 63% associated with the influence of factors: the weight of 1000 seeds and the HTC of May-August (R2 = 0.63). Thus, the recorded upward trend in the sum of active temperatures in the region for the crop is positive and contributes to the expansion of soybean crops in the Non- Chernozem zone of the Russian Federation.