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Abstract
Phytoremediation soil polluted by cadmium has drawn worldwide attention. However, how to improve the efficiency of plant remediation of cadmium contaminated soil remains unknown. Previous studies showed that nitrogen (N) significantly enhances cadmium uptake and accumulation in poplar plants. In order to explore the important role of nitrogen in plants’ responses to cadmium stress, this study investigates the poplar proteome and phosphoproteome difference between Cd stress and Cd + N treatment. In total, 6573 proteins were identified, and 5838 of them were quantified. With a fold-change threshold of > 1.3, and a p-value < 0.05, 375 and 108 proteins were up- and down-regulated by Cd stress when compared to the control, respectively. Compared to the Cd stress group, 42 and 89 proteins were up- and down-regulated by Cd + N treatment, respectively. Moreover, 522 and 127 proteins were up- and down-regulated by Cd + N treatment compared to the CK group. In addition, 1471 phosphosites in 721 proteins were identified. Based on a fold-change threshold of > 1.2, and a p-value < 0.05, the Cd stress up-regulated eight proteins containing eight phosphosites, and down-regulated 58 proteins containing 69 phosphosites, whereas N + Cd treatment up-regulated 86 proteins containing 95 phosphosites, and down-regulated 17 proteins containing 17 phosphosites, when compared to Cd stress alone. N + Cd treatment up-regulated 60 proteins containing 74 phosphosites and down-regulated 37 proteins containing 42 phosphosites, when compared to the control. Several putative responses to stress proteins, as well as transcriptional and translational regulation factors, were up-regulated by the addition of exogenous nitrogen following Cd stress. Especially, heat shock protein 70 (HSP70), 14-3-3 protein, peroxidase (POD), zinc finger protein (ZFP), ABC transporter protein, eukaryotic translation initiation factor (elF) and splicing factor 3 B subunit 1-like (SF3BI) were up-regulated by Cd + N treatment at both the proteome and the phosphoproteome levels. Combing the proteomic data and phosphoproteomics data, the mechanism by which exogenous nitrogen can alleviate cadmium toxicity in poplar plants was explained at the molecular level. The results of this study will establish the solid molecular foundation of the phytoremediation method to improve cadmium-contaminated soil.
Highlights
Heavy metal (HM) contamination has become a serious threat to the environment and human health [1]
We identified that Cd treatment decreased the chlorophyll a (Chl a), chlorophyll b (Chl b) and total chlorophyll (Chl) content by 30.7%, 53.3% and 36.5%, respectively, when compared with the control plants (Table 1)
We examined whether exogenous nitrogen could alleviate cadmium toxicity in poplar plants by maintaining the redox balance in cells
Summary
Heavy metal (HM) contamination has become a serious threat to the environment and human health [1]. Cd contamination has widely degraded farmlands into the core polluted regions of the world [2,3]. Cd is taken up by plants through their root systems and can be accumulated through the food chain, which is a danger to animal and human health [4,5]. The ability for ROS scavenging is vital for plant detoxification against Cd stress. The detoxification strategies of plants to Cd stress may include Cd sequestration, constraint, degradation, exclusion and inactivation by the exudation of organic ligands [10]. Sequestering Cd using phytochelatins (PCs), metallothioneins, organic acids, etc., and transporting Cd to the vacuole is confirmed to be an important pathway to detoxifying Cd [11]
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