Abstract
BackgroundLeptin has been shown to have various physiological and pathological roles in the canine gallbladder. In this study, we performed pre- and postoperative short-term follow-up analyses to confirm changes in serum leptin levels before and after cholecystectomy due to gallbladder mucocele (GBM) or cholelithiasis in dogs.ResultsTwenty-six cholecystectomized dogs (GBM: n = 14; cholelithiasis: n = 12) for prophylactic or clinical symptom relief were enrolled in the present study. Dogs were subgrouped according to clinical symptoms and prognosis after surgery as follows: 1) asymptomatic group (n = 13), 2) recovery group (n = 8), and 3) death group (n = 5). Liver enzymes, total bilirubin, lipid profiles, and leptin concentrations were determined from sera on the pre-operative day and at 1, 3, and 7 days postoperation. Serum leptin concentrations were gradually but significantly decreased in the asymptomatic group (p = 0.008, 0.004, and 0.004 on days 1, 3, and 7, respectively, compared with that before surgery) and the recovery group (p = 0.048 and 0.048 on days 3 and 7, respectively, compared with that before surgery). However, in the death group, leptin concentrations did not differ significantly over time (p = 0.564). Additionally, serum leptin levels in the recovery group (p = 0.006) and death group (p = 0.021) were significantly higher than those in the asymptomatic group. Liver enzymes and total bilirubin (T-Bil) were significantly decreased only in the recovery group, particularly on day 7. In the asymptomatic group, liver enzymes and T-Bil were not changed significantly over time, and in the death group, only T-Bil was significantly decreased on day 7. Total cholesterol and triglyceride levels were not significantly decreased over time in all groups.ConclusionsThese results indicate that leptin is a potential biomarker reflecting the severity and prognosis of GBM and cholelithiasis both before and after cholecystectomy in dogs.
Highlights
Leptin has been shown to have various physiological and pathological roles in the canine gallbladder
We demonstrated that leptin and leptin receptor are expressed in the canine gallbladder, indicating that the gallbladder is a source of leptin and can be affected by leptin [20]
When operation was performed due to clinical symptoms caused by Extrahepatic biliary tract obstruction (EHBO), three of the eight dogs with gallbladder mucocele (GBM) (37.5%) and two of the five dogs with cholelithiasis (40%) died without recovering
Summary
Leptin has been shown to have various physiological and pathological roles in the canine gallbladder. We performed pre- and postoperative short-term follow-up analyses to confirm changes in serum leptin levels before and after cholecystectomy due to gallbladder mucocele (GBM) or cholelithiasis in dogs. Extrahepatic biliary tract obstruction (EHBO) is a lifethreatening condition owing to the interruption of bile flow, which causes severe physiological problems and can lead to death. Among various pathological conditions that obstruct bile flow, gallbladder mucocele (GBM) and cholelithiasis are important causes of EHBO in dogs, necessitating surgical intervention [1]. The incidence and diagnostic rate of GBM and cholelithiasis have recently increased, and the mortality rate associated with EHBO surgery is still high [2]. Leptin has been shown to have multifunctional physiological roles in various organs, including the brain
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