Abstract
ABSTRACTBackgroundLittle is known about changes in blood fatty acid compositions over time and the correlates of any changes in a general population.ObjectiveThe aim of this study was to estimate changes in 27 individual plasma phospholipid fatty acids and fatty acid groups over time, and to identify potential correlates of these changes.MethodsPlasma phospholipid fatty acids were profiled at 3 time-points (1993–1997, 1998–2000, 2004–2011) among 722 participants in the European Prospective Investigation into Cancer and Nutrition-Norfolk Study, UK. Linear regression models were used to estimate both 1) mean changes over time in 27 individual fatty acids and 8 prespecified fatty acid groups and 2) associations of changes in dietary and lifestyle factors with changes in the 8 fatty acid groups, mutually adjusted for dietary/lifestyle factors and other confounders. The prespecified fatty acid groups were odd-chain saturated fatty acids (SFAs), even-chain SFAs, very-long-chain SFAs, marine n–3 polyunsaturated fatty acids (PUFAs), plant n–3 PUFA, n–6 PUFAs, monounsaturated fatty acids (MUFAs), and trans-fatty acids (TFAs).ResultsAdjusted for confounders, fatty acid concentrations decreased for odd-chain SFAs (annual percentage difference in mol percentage: −0.63%), even-chain SFAs (−0.05%), n–6 PUFAs (−0.25%), and TFAs (−7.84%). In contrast, concentrations increased for marine n–3 PUFAs (1.28%) and MUFAs (0.45%), but there were no changes in very-long-chain SFAs or plant n–3 PUFA. Changes in fatty acid levels were associated with consumption of different food groups. For example, a mean 100 g/d increase in fatty fish intake was associated with a 19.3% greater annual increase in marine n–3 PUFAs.ConclusionsEven-chain SFAs and TFAs declined and marine n–3 PUFAs increased over time. These changes were partially explained by changes in dietary habits, and could potentially help interpret associations of baseline fatty acid composition with future disease risk.
Highlights
Dietary fat and blood or adipose tissue fatty acids have been associated with the risk of many diseases [1]
We investigated potential dietary correlates of change in 8 prespecified plasma fatty acid groups
With a unique data set of repeated measures of plasma phospholipid fatty acids over a 13-year period, we identified patterns in the change in different fatty acid groups: relative concentrations of odd-chain SFAs, even-chain SFAs, n–6 PUFAs, and trans-fatty acid (TFA) decreased over time, whereas relative concentrations of marine n–3 PUFAs and MUFAs increased over time, and no change was observed for very-long-chain SFAs or plant n– 3 PUFAs
Summary
Dietary fat and blood or adipose tissue fatty acids have been associated with the risk of many diseases [1]. Blood fatty acids serve in epidemiological studies as objective biomarkers of dietary fat intake, such as the essential PUFAs: linoleic acid (an n–6 PUFA: C18:3n–6) and α-linolenic acid (an n–3 PUFA: C18:3n–3), or odd-chain SFAs (C15:0, C17:0) [2]. Objective: The aim of this study was to estimate changes in 27 individual plasma phospholipid fatty acids and fatty acid groups over time, and to identify potential correlates of these changes. A mean 100 g/d increase in fatty fish intake was associated with a 19.3% greater annual increase in marine n–3 PUFAs. Conclusions: Even-chain SFAs and TFAs declined and marine n–3 PUFAs increased over time. Conclusions: Even-chain SFAs and TFAs declined and marine n–3 PUFAs increased over time These changes were partially explained by changes in dietary habits, and could potentially help interpret associations of baseline fatty acid composition with future disease risk.
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