Abstract
The aims of our experiment were to evaluate the uptake and translocation of cerium and titanium oxide nanoparticles and to verify their effects on the growth cycle of barley (Hordeum vulgare L.). Barley plants were grown to physiological maturity in soil enriched with either 0, 500 or 1000 mg·kg−1 cerium oxide nanoparticles (nCeO2) or titanium oxide nanoparticles (nTiO2) and their combination. The growth cycle of nCeO2 and nTiO2 treated plants was about 10 days longer than the controls. In nCeO2 treated plants the number of tillers, leaf area and the number of spikes per plant were reduced respectively by 35.5%, 28.3% and 30% (p ≤ 0.05). nTiO2 stimulated plant growth and compensated for the adverse effects of nCeO2. Concentrations of Ce and Ti in aboveground plant fractions were minute. The fate of nanomaterials within the plant tissues was different. Crystalline nTiO2 aggregates were detected within the leaf tissues of barley, whereas nCeO2 was not present in the form of nanoclusters.
Highlights
The useful properties of engineered nanoscale materials (ENMs) have resulted in the rapid development of nanotechnologies and large-scale production of nanoparticles or nanoparticles-containing products [1]
Plants of barley grown in control soil and nCeO2 and nTiO2 -amended soil
We reiterate that this paper is the first to report data on the effects of a co-exposure to different metal oxide nanoparticles on a worldwide important crop
Summary
The useful properties of engineered nanoscale materials (ENMs) have resulted in the rapid development of nanotechnologies and large-scale production of nanoparticles or nanoparticles-containing products [1]. Recent estimates included cerium oxide nanoparticles (nCeO2 ) and titanium oxide nanoparticles (nTiO2 ) among the 10 most commonly produced ENMs that are used worldwide. A number of applications of nTiO2 are in use in the food industry and agriculture, serving as nano-sensors and nano-agents for new delivery systems of plant protection products and fertilizers [4,5]. NCeO2 have a broad range of industrial application as additives in glass and ceramics, fuel-cell materials and the automotive industry [6]. NCeO2 and nTiO2 are both included in the list of ENMs for immediate priority testing by the Organization for Economic Cooperation and Development [7]
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