Abstract
Objective:Falls due to poor balance can cause injury, disability, and death in older adults. The relationship between free-living physical activity (PA) and balance over time is poorly understood. The aim of this study is to explore the association between PA and balance in older adults over timeMethods:Using two waves of data from the TILDA study (n=8,504 participants) a structural equation model was used to identify a composite measure of balance that incorporated measures of Timed Up and Go; handgrip strength; Mini Mental State Exam; vision; hearing; and steadiness. The patterns of change in PA and balance were then compared over time (controlling for covariates)Results:The results showed that one extra metabolic equivalent of task (MET) minute of PA improves balance by 4% over one week (Est=-0.10, SE=0.12), and by 5% cumulatively over two years (Est=-0.13, SE=0.02). Medication, alcohol consumption, sex, age, fear of falling, education, pain, and problems performing activities of daily living (ADL) were risk factors for balanceConclusion:This study provides a novel and robust model that should guide comprehensive balance assessment. PA promotion should engage older adults in more free-living PA that may be more relevant to them.
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