Changes in Physical Activity and Sedentary Behavior before and during the COVID-19 Pandemic: A Swedish Population Study.

Maria Elvén,Charlotta Hellström,Birgitta Kerstis,Petra Von Heideken Wågert,Jonas Stier,Daniel Lindberg,Micael Dahlen

doi:10.3390/ijerph19052558

Abstract

Governments have enforced measures to limit the spread of COVID-19 with varying degrees of success, which could affect people’s physical activity (PA) and sedentary behavior. This study aimed to examine changes in PA levels, types of PA, and sedentary behavior in the Swedish population before and during the COVID-19 pandemic. Associations between changed PA levels and demographical and behavioral determinants were also investigated. In December 2020, 1035 individuals (18–79 years old) completed a survey about their PA and sedentary behavior before and during the pandemic. Factors influencing their PA were also explored. Fifty-one percent of the sample reported reduced total PA, 18% had no change, and 31% increased their PA. Overall, organized PA decreased the most and sedentary behavior increased. The youngest and oldest age groups reported the greatest reduction in PA, while middle-aged groups reported the most increased PA. Men reported a larger increase in sedentary behavior than women. Mental and physical capability was associated with change in PA. In conclusion, this study indicates that, during the COVID-19 pandemic, the majority of the Swedish population have decreased PA levels with a concurrent increase in sedentary behavior, which may have negative health consequences. Interventions are recommended to address both PA and sedentary behavior, specifically to strengthen people’s ability to perform PA and focusing on the youngest and oldest age groups.

Highlights

Despite the proven health benefits of physical activity (PA), the world has struggled with a physical inactivity pandemic for decades [1]
This study aimed to examine the changes in PA levels, types of PA, and sedentary behavior in the Swedish population before and during the COVID-19 pandemic
Sedentary behavior increased by 1.5 h per day during the COVID-19 pandemic for the total sample

Summary

Introduction

Despite the proven health benefits of physical activity (PA), the world has struggled with a physical inactivity pandemic for decades [1]. Physical inactivity is one of the leading risk factors for non-communicable diseases (e.g., cardiovascular disease, diabetes, and chronic respiratory diseases) and death worldwide [3]. Sedentary behavior (i.e., sitting, reclining, or lying postures, except while sleeping) [4] is increasing [5]. Previous research suggests that sedentary behavior is distinct from physical inactivity [6,7]. Should be considered as an independent risk factor for non-communicable diseases and all-cause mortality [8]. To tackle this problem, the World Health Organization (WHO)

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