Abstract
The present research aimed to assess the influence of illegal dumping on changes in the content of phosphorus and its relationship with selected chemical properties. Soil was sampled from two horizons: 0–20 and 20–40 cm. Samples from points W1, W2 and W3 (waste 1, 2 and 3) were collected directly from under illegally deposited landfill sites that differed in the morphological composition. At a distance of 30 m from landfill W3 there were agricultural lands where maize was cultivated (arable soil, AS). The control point (C) was located far from the waste landfill sites determined and beyond the range of their effect. In soil the following were determined: total organic carbon, phosphorus (total, organic, mineral, available, active), the microbiological activity, the content of heavy metals and the activity of alkaline and acid phosphatase. The study concluded that the composition of treatments W1 and W2 had a more negative impact on the soils than landfill site W3. The results show that the changes depended on the type of the waste deposited. In AS and landfills W3 there was observed a high P availability and count of bacteria. The results have shown that an addition of organic residues to soil has a variety of effects on microbial and phosphatase activities. The lowest resistance (RS) for alkaline and acid phosphatases was found in soil from the area of dumping sites W1 and W2; the highest RS was determined in AS. Statistical analyses of simple correlations showed clearly that microbiological populations were also particularly implicated in the activity of phosphomonoesterases.
Highlights
The growing number of the global population and intensive industrialization in recent years have caused an enormous increase in solid, toxic wastes and industrial sewage (Islam et al 2012)
The study concluded that the composition of treatments W1 and W2 had a more negative impact on the soils than landfill site W3
The results have shown that an addition of organic residues to soil has a variety of effects on microbial and phosphatase activities
Summary
The growing number of the global population and intensive industrialization in recent years have caused an enormous increase in solid, toxic wastes and industrial sewage (Islam et al 2012). Organic phosphorus is derived from microorganism, plant or animal residues and can be recycled by the microbial biomass or stabilized in the mineral phase of the soil (Ohel et al 2004). Many researchers have reported that the fractions and dynamics of P in soil depend upon various soil characteristics such as pH (Liang et al 2010; Menezes-Blackburn et al 2014), heavy metals content (Amirbahman et al 2010), organic matter concentrations (Ohel et al 2004; Xiao et al 2012; Lemanowicz and Bartkowiak 2013). The biochemical hydrolysis of organic phosphate esters in soils is mainly catalysed by phosphomonoesterases and phosphodiesterases, which release orthophosphate anions, the preferentially assimilated P form by plants and soil microorganisms. The phosphomonoesterase activity is the main mechanism for P acquisition by plants, more complex mechanisms of P solubilization by specific plants and phosphatases generally catalyse P through orthophosphate esters and anhydrides (Gellatly et al 1994; Nannipieri et al 2011)
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