Abstract
BackgroundReticuloendotheliosis virus (REV) is a retrovirus that causes severe immunosuppression in poultry. Animals grow slowly under conditions of oxidative stress. In addition, long-term oxidative stress can impair immune function, as well as accelerate aging and death. This study aimed to elucidate the pathogenesis of REV from the perspective of changes in oxidative-antioxidative function following REV infection.MethodsA total of 80 one-day-old specific pathogen free (SPF) chickens were randomly divided into a control group (Group C) and an REV-infected group (Group I). The chickens in Group I received intraperitoneal injections of REV with 104.62/0.1 mL TCID50. Thymus was collected on day 1, 3, 7, 14, 21, 28, 35, and 49 for histopathology and assessed the status of oxidative stress.ResultsIn chickens infected with REV, the levels of H2O2 and MDA in the thymus increased, the levels of TAC, SOD, CAT, and GPx1 decreased, and there was a reduction in CAT and Gpx1 mRNA expression compared with the control group. The thymus index was also significantly reduced. Morphological analysis showed that REV infection caused an increase in the thymic reticular endothelial cells, inflammatory cell infiltration, mitochondrial swelling, and nuclear damage.ConclusionsThese results indicate that an increase in oxidative stress enhanced lipid peroxidation, markedly decreased antioxidant function, caused thymus atrophy, and immunosuppression in REV-infected chickens.
Highlights
Reticuloendotheliosis virus (REV) is a retrovirus that causes severe immunosuppression in poultry
This study examined the dynamic changes in the level of Total-antioxidant capacity (TAC), Superoxide dismutase (SOD) activity, H2O2, MDA, CAT, and Glutathione peroxidase 1 (GPx1), as well as CAT and GPx1 mRNA expression in the thymus of oneday-old specific pathogen free (SPF) chickens after an REV infection
Compared with the control group, the SOD activity (Fig. 2b) of the thymus of the chickens decreased to varying degrees after REV infection, and exhibited significant differences on day 14 (P < 0.01), 21 (P < 0.05), and 28 (P < 0.05) post REV-infection
Summary
Reticuloendotheliosis virus (REV) is a retrovirus that causes severe immunosuppression in poultry. Animals grow slowly under conditions of oxidative stress. Long-term oxidative stress can impair immune function, as well as accelerate aging and death. Reticuloendotheliosis (RE) constitutes a group of pathological syndromes caused by reticuloendotheliosis hyperplasia virus, including runting syndrome, chronic tumors of lymphoid and other tissues, acute reticulocytoma, and severe immunosuppression. Reticuloendotheliosis virus (REV) is a C-type avian retrovirus [1, 2]. REV infects a wide-range of hosts, including chickens, turkey, duck, goose, Japanese quail, and wild birds, among which turkey is the most susceptible. REV can be mixed with Marek’s disease virus (MDV), avian leukosis virus of subgroup J (ALV-J), and chicken anemia virus (CAV), resulting in a reduction or loss of
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