Abstract
The highly valuable heartwood of Dalbergia odorifera T. Chen, known as Jiang Xiang in traditional Chinese medicine, is formed very slowly, and there is a need to better understand the process and promote heartwood formation. Chemical induction is considered to be one of the promising methods to induce heartwood formation. However, to date no method has been proved effective for D. odorifera as little is known about biochemical and physiological changes during heartwood development. Three potential heartwood induction substances viz. acetic acid, sodium chloride, and hydrogen peroxide solutions were injected into the trunk of D. odorifera to determine the effect on heartwood formation and physiological activity. Non-structural carbohydrates, lipids, wood properties, and essential oil were assessed in the post-treatment period. As also observed in the formation of natural heartwood, chemical-induced Jiang Xiang production was accompanied by sapwood dehydration, non-structural carbohydrates consumption, and synthesis of heartwood substances. As the heartwood substances accumulated, basic density and essential oil content increased gradually, thereby Jiang Xiang was finally produced. In this process, physiological parameters of discolored sapwood gradually evolved to resemble those of natural heartwood. Hydrogen peroxide-induced Jiang Xiang was closest to natural heartwood, and the essential oil components met the standards for high-quality Jiang Xiang, while the induction effects of acetic acid and sodium chloride were unsatisfactory. Thus, this study indicates that hydrogen peroxide has the potential to induce Jiang Xiang production in Dalbergia odorifera.
Highlights
Chemical-Induced Heartwood in Dalbergia odorifera traditional Chinese medicine known as Jiang Xiang (Yu et al, 2017; Liu et al, 2019)
There were no significant differences between NaCl, H2O2, and control treatments
These results indicated that the CH3COOH treatment markedly inhibited tree growth, while the drill hole control, NaCl, and H2O2 treatments had little effect or no effect on tree growth
Summary
The heartwood of D. odorifera is one of the best rosewoods in the world, but is a valuable. Chemical-Induced Heartwood in Dalbergia odorifera traditional Chinese medicine known as Jiang Xiang (Yu et al, 2017; Liu et al, 2019). The annual demand for raw D. odorifera heartwood is over 300 tonnes, and the annual production value exceeds 700 million USD. The heartwood of D. odorifera is formed very slowly once trees have reached about 6 years of age (Ma et al, 2017). There is a need to better understand and promote formation of D. odorifera heartwood (Cui et al, 2017)
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