Abstract
BackgroundMaize Iranian mosaic virus (MIMV, genus Nucleorhabdovirus, family Rhabdoviridae) causes an economically important disease in maize and other gramineous crops in Iran. MIMV negative-sense RNA genome sequence of 12,426 nucleotides has recently been completed. Maize Genetics and Genomics database shows that 39,498 coding genes and 4,976 non-coding genes of maize have been determined, but still some transcripts could not be annotated. The molecular host cell responses of maize to MIMV infection including differential gene expression have so far not been elucidated.Methodology/Principal findingsComplementary DNA libraries were prepared from total RNA of MIMV-infected and mock-inoculated maize leaves and sequenced using Illumina HiSeq 2500. Cleaned raw transcript reads from MIMV-infected maize were mapped to reads from uninfected maize and to a maize reference genome. Differentially expressed transcripts were characterized by gene ontology and biochemical pathway analyses. Transcriptome data for selected genes were validated by real-time quantitative PCR.Conclusion/SignificanceApproximately 42 million clean reads for each treatment were obtained. In MIMV-infected maize compared to uninfected plants, 1689 transcripts were up-regulated and 213 transcripts were down-regulated. In response to MIMV infection, several pathways were activated in maize including immune receptor signaling, metabolic pathways, RNA silencing, hormone-mediated pathways, protein degradation, protein kinase and ATP binding activity, and fatty acid metabolism. Also, several transcripts including those encoding hydrophobic protein RCI2B, adenosylmethionine decarboxylase NAC transcription factor and nucleic acid binding, leucine-rich repeat, heat shock protein, 26S proteasome, oxidoreductases and endonuclease activity protein were up-regulated. These data will contribute to the identification of genes and pathways involved in plant-virus interactions that may serve as future targets for improved disease control.
Highlights
Rhabdoviruses infect plants, invertebrates and vertebrates and are taxonomically classified in the family Rhabdoviridae, order Mononegavirales [1]
RNA was dissolved in diethyl pyrocarbonate (DEPC)-treated water, and its quality was assessed by measuring absorption ratio 260/280 nm using a Nanodrop-1000 spectrophotometer (Thermo Scientific, Wilmington, differentially expressed (DE), USA) and by 1% agarose gel electrophoresis in Tris/borate/EDTA buffer (TBE)
To obtain a maize gene expression profile, and identify genes and processes responsive to Maize Iranian mosaic virus (MIMV) infection, six cDNA libraries were constructed for deep sequencing using the Illumina High-Seq 2500 platform
Summary
Rhabdoviruses infect plants, invertebrates and vertebrates and are taxonomically classified in the family Rhabdoviridae, order Mononegavirales [1]. Maize Iranian mosaic virus (MIMV) is an economically important virus that infects maize (Zea mays L.), wheat (Triticum aestivum L.), barley (Hordeum vulgare L.), rice (Oryza sativa L.) and several other poaceous species in Iran [4]. MIMV is classified in the genus Nucleorhabdovirus, members of which replicate in plant cell nuclei and accumulate in perinuclear spaces [3]. MIMV is closely related to maize mosaic virus (MMV) based on nucleotide sequence identity [5, 7]. Maize Iranian mosaic virus (MIMV, genus Nucleorhabdovirus, family Rhabdoviridae) causes an economically important disease in maize and other gramineous crops in Iran. The molecular host cell responses of maize to MIMV infection including differential gene expression have so far not been elucidated
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