Abstract
Five-year survival has increased for many hematologic malignancies in the 21st century. However, whether this has translated into greater long-term survival is unknown. Here, we examine 10- and 20-year survival for patients with multiple myeloma (MM), acute lymphoblastic leukemia (ALL), acute myeloblastic leukemia (AML), chronic lymphoid leukemia (CLL), chronic myeloid leukemia (CML), non-Hodgkin lymphoma (NHL), and Hodgkin lymphoma (HL). Data were extracted from the Surveillance, Epidemiology, and End Results-9 database. Patients age 15+ with the above malignancies were included. The newly developed boomerang method was used to examine 10- and 20-year relative survival (RS) for patients in 2002–2006 and 2012–16. Ten and 20-year RS increased for each malignancy examined, with increases ranging from +4.4% units for 20-year RS for AML to +23.1% units for 10-year RS for CML. Ten year RS was >50% in 2012–16 for patients with CLL, CML, HL, NHL, and DLBCL, at 77.1%, 62.1%, 63.9%, 64.5%, and 63.0%, respectively. Survival dropped between 10 and 20 years after diagnosis for most malignancies. Long-term survival is increasing for common hematologic malignancies, but late mortality is an ongoing issue. Further study of long-term outcomes in curable malignancies to determine the reason for these later decreases in survival is indicated.
Highlights
Recent progress in the treatment of many hematologic malignancies has resulted in improved population level 10-year survival[1], chronic myeloid leukemia (CML)[2,3], chronic lymphocytic leukemia (CLL)[4], multiple myeloma (MM)[5,6], and some subtypes of non-Hodgkin lymphoma (NHL)[7]
The median age at diagnosis changed by one year or less between the two time periods for all conditions except for patients with CLL, for whom the median age decreased by 2 years, and for patients with acute lymphoblastic leukemia (ALL), for whom the median age at diagnosis increased by 4 years
Impressive increases were observed for patients with CLL, CML, and NHL
Summary
Recent progress in the treatment of many hematologic malignancies has resulted in improved population level 10-year survival[1], chronic myeloid leukemia (CML)[2,3], chronic lymphocytic leukemia (CLL)[4], multiple myeloma (MM)[5,6], and some subtypes of non-Hodgkin lymphoma (NHL)[7]. How these changes have effected longer term survival on the population level is less well documented. Documentation of changes in longer term survival is hampered by the fact that improved survival for many malignancies has occurred only due to changes in therapy that may have occurred only in the past decade and
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