Changes in LDL Oxidative Status and Oxidative and Inflammatory Gene Expression after Red Wine Intake in Healthy People: A Randomized Trial.

Laura Di Renzo,Federica Gaiotti,Alberto Carraro,Antonino De Lorenzo,Santo Gratteri,Roberto Valente,Luigi Tonino Marsella,Paola Gualtieri,Diego Tomasi

doi:10.1155/2015/317348

Abstract

Postprandial oxidative stress is characterized by an increased susceptibility of the organism towards oxidative damage after consumption of a meal rich in lipids and/or carbohydrates. Micronutrients modulate immune system and exert a protective action by reducing low density lipoproteins (LDL) oxidation via induction of antioxidant enzymes. We evaluated the gene expression of oxidative stress (HOSp), inflammasome (HIp), and human drug metabolism pathways (HDM) and ox-LDL level at baseline and after the intake of red wine naturally enriched with resveratrol (NPVRW), in association with or without a McDonald's meal (McDM). The ox-LDL levels significantly increase comparing baseline (B) versus McDM and decreased comparing McDM versus McDM + NPVRW (P ≤ 0.05). Percentages of significant genes expressed after each nutritional intervention were the following: (1) B versus McDM, 2.88% HOSp, 2.40% of HIp, and 3.37% of HDMp; (2) B versus McDM + NPVRW, 1.44% of HOSp, 4.81% of HIp, and 0.96% of HDMp; (3) McDM versus McDM + NPVRW, 2.40% of HOSp, 2.40% of HIp, and 5.77% of HDMp; (4) B versus NPVRW, 4.80% HOSp, 3.85% HIp, and 3.85% HDMp. NPVRW intake reduced postprandial ox-LDL and the expression of inflammation and oxidative stress related genes. Chronic studies on larger population are necessary before definitive conclusions.

Highlights

Epidemiological evidence has supported a protective role for diets low in saturated fat and rich in fruits and vegetables as well as a moderate wine consumption against the development and progression of cardiovascular (CVD) and chronic degenerative disease.The atherosclerotic processes underlying cardiovascular disease are intimately connected with a state of chronic inflammation, involving a variety of pathological changes such as endothelial cell activation, low density lipoprotein (LDL)modification, macrophage chemotaxis, and vessel smooth muscle cell migration [1].In industrialized societies, LDL cholesterol concentrations often exceed physiological requirements.This excess in LDL particles promotes transport into the vessel wall where they undergo physicochemical modification, which facilitates their ingress into macrophages resulting in foam-cell formation
Cellular structures such as proteins, carbohydrates, nucleic acids, and lipids are damaged by oxidative processes [31]
Considering that after each meal, blood concentrations of glucose and lipids are raised, and this postprandial increase lasts for a rather long time; these changes might be of importance in the process of atherosclerosis initiation and progression [32]

Summary

Introduction

The atherosclerotic processes underlying cardiovascular disease are intimately connected with a state of chronic inflammation, involving a variety of pathological changes such as endothelial cell activation, low density lipoprotein (LDL). LDL cholesterol concentrations often exceed physiological requirements This excess in LDL particles promotes transport into the vessel wall where they undergo physicochemical modification, which facilitates their ingress into macrophages resulting in foam-cell formation. It is widely recognized that, together with oxidative stress, vascular inflammation, lipid deposition, and smooth muscle cell differentiation, oxidized low density lipoprotein (ox-LDL) level may play a major role. Oxidation of the lipids and apoproteins present in LDL leads to a change in the lipoprotein conformation by which LDL is better able to enter the monocyte-macrophage system of the arterial wall and promote the atherosclerotic process [3]. The oxidative modification of LDL convert the native particles ox-LDL into pathogenic [5], immunogenic, and atherogenic particles [6]

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