Abstract
Recent studies have shown that individual experiences during motor and cognitive learning immediately affect and modify intrinsic functional connectivity and networks, which manifest as correlations in spontaneous brain activities. Resting-state functional magnetic resonance imaging (rs-fMRI) is a powerful tool for investigating such changes in humans. It has been suggested that changes in rs-fMRI after learning reflect (1) a consolidation or encoding process of acquired memory and/or (2) plastic changes in intrinsic connectivity and networks induced by learning. Because these changes are thought to construct brain networks in individuals while interacting with genetic factors, it has been demonstrated that individual differences in behavioral or cognitive performance can be predicted from the states of connectivity and networks observed in rs-fMRI. This chapter reviews studies on changes in resting-state connectivity caused by learning in humans. Possible applications of their results to rehabilitation are suggested, including evaluation of training effects and development of tailor-made programs for rehabilitation.
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